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Temporal Trends in Geographical Variation in Breast Cancer Mortality in China, 1973–2005: An Analysis of Nationwide Surveys on Cause of Death

Author

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  • Changfa Xia

    (National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Clare Kahn

    (Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2011, Australia)

  • Jinfeng Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Yilan Liao

    (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Wanqing Chen

    (National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China)

  • Xue Qin Yu

    (Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2011, Australia
    Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia)

Abstract

To describe geographical variation in breast cancer mortality over time, we analysed breast cancer mortality data from three retrospective national surveys on causes of death in recent decades in China. We first calculated the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for each of the 31 provinces in mainland China stratified by survey period (1973–1975, 1990–1992 and 2004–2005). To test whether the geographical variation in breast cancer mortality changed over time, we then estimated the rate ratio (RR) for the aggregated data for seven regions and three economic zones using generalized linear models. Finally, we examined the correlation between mortality rate and several macro-economic measures at the provincial level. We found that the overall ASMR increased from 2.98 per 100,000 in 1973–1975 to 3.08 per 100,000 in 1990–1992, and to 3.85 per 100,000 in 2004–2005. Geographical variation in breast cancer mortality also increased significantly over time at the regional level ( p = 0.002) but not at the economic zone ( p = 0.089) level, with RR being generally lower for Western China (Northwest and Southwest) and higher in Northeast China over the three survey periods. These temporal and spatial trends in breast cancer mortality were found to be correlated with per capita gross domestic product, number of hospitals and health centres’ beds per 10,000 population and number of practicing doctors per 10,000 population, and average number of live births for women aged 15–64. It may be necessary to target public health policies in China to address the widening geographic variation in breast cancer mortality, and to take steps to ensure that the ease of access and the quality of cancer care across the country is improved for all residents.

Suggested Citation

  • Changfa Xia & Clare Kahn & Jinfeng Wang & Yilan Liao & Wanqing Chen & Xue Qin Yu, 2016. "Temporal Trends in Geographical Variation in Breast Cancer Mortality in China, 1973–2005: An Analysis of Nationwide Surveys on Cause of Death," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:10:p:963-:d:79334
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rubin, Marcie S. & Clouston, Sean & Link, Bruce G., 2014. "A fundamental cause approach to the study of disparities in lung cancer and pancreatic cancer mortality in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 54-61.
    2. Xufeng Fei & Jiaping Wu & Zhe Kong & George Christakos, 2015. "Urban-Rural Disparity of Breast Cancer and Socioeconomic Risk Factors in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Zhenkun Wang & Junzhe Bao & Chuanhua Yu & Jinyao Wang & Chunhui Li, 2015. "Secular Trends of Breast Cancer in China, South Korea, Japan and the United States: Application of the Age-Period-Cohort Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Paul M Walsh & Julianne Byrne & Maria Kelly & Joe McDevitt & Harry Comber, 2014. "Socioeconomic Disparity in Survival after Breast Cancer in Ireland: Observational Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-14, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Peter Baade, 2017. "Geographical Variation in Breast Cancer Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-3, May.

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