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The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Salule Masangwi

    (Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi
    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi)

  • Neil Ferguson

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK)

  • Anthony Grimason

    (Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi
    Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129, South Africa)

  • Tracy Morse

    (Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi
    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
    Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi
    Africa Academy for Environmental Health, P.O. Box 15574, Sinoville 0129, South Africa)

  • Lawrence Kazembe

    (Department of Statistics and Population Studies, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionerspark, P/Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia)

Abstract

Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [ ] and diarrhea [ ] variations with a strong correlation between them [ ] at household level. There are significant malaria [ ] and diarrhea [ ] variations at community level but with a small correlation [ ] between them. There is also significant correlation between malaria and diarrhea at individual level [ 0.241]. These results suggest a close association between reported malaria-like illness and diarrheal illness especially at household and individual levels in Southern Malawi.

Suggested Citation

  • Salule Masangwi & Neil Ferguson & Anthony Grimason & Tracy Morse & Lawrence Kazembe, 2015. "The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:7:p:8526-8541:d:52936
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    References listed on IDEAS

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