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PM 2.5 in Urban and Rural Nursery Schools in Upper Silesia, Poland: Trace Elements Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Mainka

    (Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, 22B Konarskiego St., Gliwice 44-100, Poland)

  • Elwira Zajusz-Zubek

    (Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, 22B Konarskiego St., Gliwice 44-100, Poland)

  • Konrad Kaczmarek

    (Institute of Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 23 Kaszubska St., Gliwice 44-100, Poland)

Abstract

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in nursery schools is an emerging public health challenge. Particular attention should be paid to younger children, because they are more vulnerable to air pollution than older children. Among air pollutants, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is of the greatest interest mainly due to its strong association with acute and chronic effects on children’s health. In this paper, we present concentrations of PM 2.5 and the composition of its trace elements at naturally ventilated nursery schools located in the area of Gliwice, Poland. The nursery schools were selected to characterize areas with different degrees of urbanization and traffic densities during the winter and spring seasons. The results indicate there is a problem with elevated concentrations of PM 2.5 inside the examined classrooms. The children’s exposure to trace elements was different based on localization and season. PM 2.5 concentration and its trace element composition have been studied using correlation coefficients between the different trace elements, the enrichment factor (EF) and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA allowed the identification of the three components: anthropogenic and geogenic sources (37.2%), soil dust contaminated by sewage sludge dumping (18.6%) and vehicular emissions (19.5%).

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Mainka & Elwira Zajusz-Zubek & Konrad Kaczmarek, 2015. "PM 2.5 in Urban and Rural Nursery Schools in Upper Silesia, Poland: Trace Elements Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:7:p:7990-8008:d:52515
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Julia Griselda Cerón Bretón & Rosa María Cerón Bretón & Alberto Antonio Espinosa Guzmán & Marcela Rangel Marrón & Claudio Guarnaccia & Domenico Rossi & María de Guadalupe Vargas Canto & Claudia Alejan, 2023. "Trace Metals in PM 10 and Associated Health Risk in Two Urban Sites Located in Campeche," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Grzegorz Majewski, 2022. "Particulate Matter Concentration in Selected Facilities as an Indicator of Exposure to Their Service Activities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-18, August.

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