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Adult Psychotic Symptoms, Their Associated Risk Factors and Changes in Prevalence in Men and Women Over a Decade in a Poor Rural District of Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Rachel Jenkins

    (Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, UK)

  • Caleb Othieno

    (Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya)

  • Linnet Ongeri

    (Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya)

  • Bernards Ogutu

    (Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya)

  • Peter Sifuna

    (Kombewa Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, Kombewa, P.O Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya)

  • James Kingora

    (Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30195, GPO-00100, Kenya)

  • David Kiima

    (Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya)

  • Michael Ongecha

    (Ministry of Health, Nairobi P.O. Box 30016, GPO-00100, Kenya)

  • Raymond Omollo

    (Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya)

Abstract

There have been no repeat surveys of psychotic symptoms in Kenya or indeed subSaharan Africa. A mental health epidemiological survey was therefore conducted in a demographic surveillance site of a Kenyan household population in 2013 to test the hypothesis that the prevalence of psychotic symptoms would be similar to that found in an earlier sample drawn from the same sample frame in 2004, using the same overall methodology and instruments. This 2013 study found that the prevalence of one or more psychotic symptoms was 13.9% with one or more symptoms and 3.8% with two or more symptoms, while the 2004 study had found that the prevalence of single psychotic symptoms in rural Kenya was 8% of the adult population, but only 0.6% had two symptoms and none had three or more psychotic symptoms. This change was accounted for by a striking increase in psychotic symptoms in women (17.8% in 2013 compared with 6.9% in 2004, p < 0.001), whereas there was no significant change in men (10.6% in 2013 compared with 9.4% in 2004, p = 0.582). Potential reasons for this increase in rate of psychotic symptoms in women are explored.

Suggested Citation

  • Rachel Jenkins & Caleb Othieno & Linnet Ongeri & Bernards Ogutu & Peter Sifuna & James Kingora & David Kiima & Michael Ongecha & Raymond Omollo, 2015. "Adult Psychotic Symptoms, Their Associated Risk Factors and Changes in Prevalence in Men and Women Over a Decade in a Poor Rural District of Kenya," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:5:p:5310-5328:d:49759
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rachel Jenkins & Frank Njenga & Marx Okonji & Pius Kigamwa & Makheti Baraza & James Ayuyo & Nicola Singleton & Sally McManus & David Kiima, 2012. "Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders in a Rural District of Kenya, and Socio-Demographic Risk Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-10, May.
    2. Rachel Jenkins & Joseph Mbatia & Nicola Singleton & Bethany White, 2010. "Common Mental Disorders and Risk Factors in Urban Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Rachel Jenkins & Joseph Mbatia & Nicola Singleton & Bethany White, 2010. "Prevalence of Psychotic Symptoms and Their Risk Factors in Urban Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-12, June.
    4. Moser, Caroline O. N., 1998. "The asset vulnerability framework: Reassessing urban poverty reduction strategies," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 1-19, January.
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