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Agreement Between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide Threshold Levels and Self-Reported Cigarette Smoking in a Sample of Male Adolescents in Jordan

Author

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  • Nihaya Al-Sheyab

    (Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
    Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney 2007, Australia
    Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia)

  • Khalid A Kheirallah

    (Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Linda J Thomson Mangnall

    (Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
    Cardiothoracic, Surgical and Medical Telemetry Unit, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney 2007, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Robyn Gallagher

    (Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney 2007, Australia
    Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia)

Abstract

This study aimed to measure the percent agreement between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide (eBCO) measure using a piCO + smokerlyzer ® and self-reported cigarette smoking status and to determine the optimal thresholds for definite identification of cigarette smokers of male school students in Jordan. A descriptive, cross sectional, study of a random sample of male adolescents in grades 7 and 8 from four public high schools in Irbid, completed an adaptation of a standardized Arabic-language tobacco smoking questionnaire and an eBCO measure. Sensitivity and specificity of the eBCO were calculated against self-reported cigarette smoking. Participants ( n = 439) had a mean age of 12.5 years (SD = 0.50) and 174 (39.9%) reported being an ever smoker of whom 59 (33.9%) reported being a recent (30-day) smoker. The optimal eBCO cut-off point for recent smoking was 4.5 ppm with a sensitivity of 84.7% and specificity of 65.5%. Overall, eBCO can accurately identify recent smokers and distinguish them from non-smokers. The eBCO use enables healthcare professionals and researchers to assess efficacy of smoking cessation and prevention programs without necessarily relying on self-report. Further research is indicated to validate our findings and should be expanded to include females, detailed characteristics of cigarette and waterpipe smoking.

Suggested Citation

  • Nihaya Al-Sheyab & Khalid A Kheirallah & Linda J Thomson Mangnall & Robyn Gallagher, 2015. "Agreement Between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide Threshold Levels and Self-Reported Cigarette Smoking in a Sample of Male Adolescents in Jordan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:1:p:841-854:d:44764
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sukaina Alzyoud & Khalid A. Kheirallah & Linda S. Weglicki & Kenneth D. Ward & Abdallah Al-Khawaldeh & Ali Shotar, 2014. "Tobacco Smoking Status and Perception of Health among a Sample of Jordanian Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Patrick, D.L. & Cheadle, A. & Thompson, D.C. & Diehr, P. & Koepsell, T. & Kinne, S., 1994. "The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 84(7), pages 1086-1093.
    3. Rothman, K.J. & Greenland, S., 2005. "Causation and causal inference in epidemiology," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(S1), pages 144-150.
    4. Nihaya Al-Sheyab & Mahmoud A. Alomari & Smita Shah & Patrick Gallagher & Robyn Gallagher, 2014. "Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    5. Sukaina Alzyoud & Linda S. Weglicki & Khalid A. Kheirallah & Linda Haddad & Khalid A. Alhawamdeh, 2013. "Waterpipe Smoking among Middle and High School Jordanian Students: Patterns and Predictors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Wells, A.J. & English, P.B. & Posner, S.F. & Wagenknecht, L.E. & Perez-Stable, E.J., 1998. "Misclassification rates for current smokers misclassified as nonsmokers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(10), pages 1503-1509.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ke-Ting Pan & Giovanni S. Leonardi & Marcella Ucci & Ben Croxford, 2021. "Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-13, November.

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