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The MARINA Risk Assessment Strategy: A Flexible Strategy for Efficient Information Collection and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials

Author

Listed:
  • Peter M. J. Bos

    (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands)

  • Stefania Gottardo

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, Ispra (VA) 21027, Italy)

  • Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand

    (Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, PO Box 314, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark)

  • Martie Van Tongeren

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Centre for Human Exposure Science (CHES), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK)

  • Elena Semenzin

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, c/o VEGApark, Via delle Industrie 21/8, Marghera (VE) 30175, Italy)

  • Teresa F. Fernandes

    (School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK)

  • Danail Hristozov

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, c/o VEGApark, Via delle Industrie 21/8, Marghera (VE) 30175, Italy)

  • Kerstin Hund-Rinke

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany)

  • Neil Hunt

    (The REACH Centre, Gordon Manley Building, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK)

  • Muhammad-Adeel Irfan

    (Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, GB/TB-Z470, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany)

  • Robert Landsiedel

    (Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, GB/TB-Z470, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany)

  • Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg

    (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
    Centre for Environmental Sciences, University Leiden, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands)

  • Araceli Sánchez Jiménez

    (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Centre for Human Exposure Science (CHES), Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK)

  • Petra C. E. Van Kesteren

    (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands)

  • Agnes G. Oomen

    (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands)

Abstract

An engineered nanomaterial (ENM) may actually consist of a population of primary particles, aggregates and agglomerates of various sizes. Furthermore, their physico-chemical characteristics may change during the various life-cycle stages. It will probably not be feasible to test all varieties of all ENMs for possible health and environmental risks. There is therefore a need to further develop the approaches for risk assessment of ENMs. Within the EU FP7 project Managing Risks of Nanoparticles (MARINA) a two-phase risk assessment strategy has been developed. In Phase 1 (Problem framing) a base set of information is considered, relevant exposure scenarios (RESs) are identified and the scope for Phase 2 (Risk assessment) is established. The relevance of an RES is indicated by information on exposure, fate/kinetics and/or hazard; these three domains are included as separate pillars that contain specific tools. Phase 2 consists of an iterative process of risk characterization, identification of data needs and integrated collection and evaluation of data on the three domains, until sufficient information is obtained to conclude on possible risks in a RES. Only data are generated that are considered to be needed for the purpose of risk assessment. A fourth pillar, risk characterization, is defined and it contains risk assessment tools. This strategy describes a flexible and efficient approach for data collection and risk assessment which is essential to ensure safety of ENMs. Further developments are needed to provide guidance and make the MARINA Risk Assessment Strategy operational. Case studies will be needed to refine the strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter M. J. Bos & Stefania Gottardo & Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand & Martie Van Tongeren & Elena Semenzin & Teresa F. Fernandes & Danail Hristozov & Kerstin Hund-Rinke & Neil Hunt & Muhammad-Adeel Irfan , 2015. "The MARINA Risk Assessment Strategy: A Flexible Strategy for Efficient Information Collection and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:12:p:14961-15021:d:59497
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniel Krewski & Melvin E. Andersen & Ellen Mantus & Lauren Zeise, 2009. "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: Implications for Human Health Risk Assessment," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(4), pages 474-479, April.
    2. Daniel Krewski & Melvin E. Andersen & Ellen Mantus & Lauren Zeise, 2009. "Reply to Invited Commentaries on Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: Implications for Human Health Risk Assessment," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(4), pages 492-497, April.
    3. Agnes G. Oomen & Eric A. J. Bleeker & Peter M. J. Bos & Fleur Van Broekhuizen & Stefania Gottardo & Monique Groenewold & Danail Hristozov & Kerstin Hund-Rinke & Muhammad-Adeel Irfan & Antonio Marcomin, 2015. "Grouping and Read-Across Approaches for Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-20, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Merve Ozkaleli & Ayca Erdem, 2018. "Biotoxicity of TiO 2 Nanoparticles on Raphidocelis subcapitata Microalgae Exemplified by Membrane Deformation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Mónica J. B. Amorim, 2016. "The Daunting Challenge of Ensuring Sustainable Development of Nanomaterials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-3, February.
    3. David M. Metzler & Ayca Erdem & Chin Pao Huang, 2018. "Influence of Algae Age and Population on the Response to TiO 2 Nanoparticles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, March.

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