IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v11y2014i9p9854-9870d40491.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Ending Open Defecation in Rural Tanzania: Which Factors Facilitate Latrine Adoption?

Author

Listed:
  • Stephen Sara

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, 2100 M St., NW Suite 200, Washington, DC 20037, USA)

  • Jay Graham

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, 2100 M St., NW Suite 200, Washington, DC 20037, USA)

Abstract

Diarrheal diseases account for 7% of deaths in children under five years of age in Tanzania. Improving sanitation is an essential step towards reducing these deaths. This secondary analysis examined rural Tanzanian households’ sanitation behaviors and attitudes in order to identify barriers and drivers to latrine adoption. The analysis was conducted using results from a cross-sectional study of 1000 households in five rural districts of Tanzania. Motivating factors, perceptions, and constraints surrounding open defecation and latrine adoption were assessed using behavioral change theory. Results showed a significant association between use of improved sanitation and satisfaction with current sanitation facility ( OR: 5.91; CI: 2.95–11.85; p = 0.008 ). Livestock-keeping was strongly associated with practicing open defecation ( OR: 0.22; CI 0.063–0.75; p < 0.001 ). Of the 93 total households that practiced open defecation, 79 (85%) were dissatisfied with the practice, 62 (67%) had plans to build a latrine and 17 (18%) had started saving for a latrine. Among households that planned to build a latrine, health was the primary reason stated (60%). The inability to pay for upgrading sanitation infrastructure was commonly reported among the households. Future efforts should consider methods to reduce costs and ease payments for households to upgrade sanitation infrastructure. Messages to increase demand for latrine adoption in rural Tanzania should integrate themes of privacy, safety, prestige and health. Findings indicate a need for lower cost sanitation options and financing strategies to increase household ability to adopt sanitation facilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Sara & Jay Graham, 2014. "Ending Open Defecation in Rural Tanzania: Which Factors Facilitate Latrine Adoption?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:9:p:9854-9870:d:40491
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/9/9854/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/9/9854/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dean Spears, 2012. "How much international variation in child height can sanitation explain?," Working Papers 1436, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Research Program in Development Studies..
    2. Kathrin Ziegelbauer & Benjamin Speich & Daniel Mäusezahl & Robert Bos & Jennifer Keiser & Jürg Utzinger, 2012. "Effect of Sanitation on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pakhtigian, Emily L. & Dickinson, Katherine L. & Orgill-Meyer, Jennifer & Pattanayak, Subhrendu K., 2022. "Sustaining latrine use: Peers, policies, and sanitation behaviors," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 223-242.
    2. Carmen Anthonj & Lisa Fleming & Samuel Godfrey & Argaw Ambelu & Jane Bevan & Ryan Cronk & Jamie Bartram, 2018. "Health Risk Perceptions Are Associated with Domestic Use of Basic Water and Sanitation Services—Evidence from Rural Ethiopia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Avishek Bhunia & Amalendu Sahoo & Uday Chatterjee, 2023. "Geostatistical analysis of quality of life (QoL) with particular emphasis on the basic amenities and services in urban West Bengal, India," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 807-843, September.
    4. Sheillah Simiyu & Mark Swilling & Richard Rheingans & Sandy Cairncross, 2017. "Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Matthew Mamera & Johan J. van Tol & Makhosazana P. Aghoghovwia & Gabriel T. Mapetere, 2020. "Community Faecal Management Strategies and Perceptions on Sludge Use in Agriculture," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-21, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dean Spears & Arabinda Ghosh & Oliver Cumming, 2013. "Open Defecation and Childhood Stunting in India: An Ecological Analysis of New Data from 112 Districts," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-1, September.
    2. Cameron, Lisa & Chase, Claire & Haque, Sabrina & Joseph, George & Pinto, Rebekah & Wang, Qiao, 2021. "Childhood stunting and cognitive effects of water and sanitation in Indonesia," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    3. Derek Headey & Giordano Palloni, 2019. "Water, Sanitation, and Child Health: Evidence From Subnational Panel Data in 59 Countries," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(2), pages 729-752, April.
    4. Diane Coffey & Ashwini Deshpande & Jeffrey Hammer & Dean Spears, 2019. "Local Social Inequality, Economic Inequality, and Disparities in Child Height in India," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(4), pages 1427-1452, August.
    5. Derek Headey & David Stifel & Liangzhi You & Zhe Guo, 2018. "Remoteness, urbanization, and child nutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 49(6), pages 765-775, November.
    6. Tu Vu-Van & Phuc Pham-Duc & Mirko S. Winkler & Christian Zurbrügg & Jakob Zinsstag & Huong Thi Thanh & Tran Huu Bich & Hung Nguyen-Viet, 2017. "Ascaris lumbricoides egg die-off in an experimental excreta storage system and public health implication in Vietnam," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(1), pages 103-111, February.
    7. Matthias Kalkuhl & Irfan Mujahid, 2014. "A Typology of Indicators on Production Potential, Efficiency and FNS Risk," FOODSECURE Technical papers 4, LEI Wageningen UR.
    8. Lara Cockx & Nathalie Francken, 2016. "Evolution and impact of EU aid for food and nutrition security: a review," Working Papers of Department of Economics, Leuven 540512, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Economics, Leuven.
    9. Evan Borkum & Dana Rotz & Anu Rangarajan & Swetha Sridharan & Sukhmani Sethi & Mercy Manoranjini & Lakshmi Ramakrishnan & Lalit Dandona & Rakhi Dandona & Priyanka S. Kochar & G. Anil Kumar & Priyanka , "undated". "Midline Findings from the Evaluation of the Ananya Program in Bihar," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 74ef56ababd9412b82ef906fc, Mathematica Policy Research.
    10. Behera, Bhagirath & Rahut, Dil Bahadur & Sethi, Narayan, 2020. "Analysis of household access to drinking water, sanitation, and waste disposal services in urban areas of Nepal," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    11. Simone Passarelli & Dawit Mekonnen & Elizabeth Bryan & Claudia Ringler, 2018. "Evaluating the pathways from small-scale irrigation to dietary diversity: evidence from Ethiopia and Tanzania," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(4), pages 981-997, August.
    12. Indunil De Silva & Sudarno Sumarto, 2018. "Child Malnutrition in Indonesia: Can Education, Sanitation and Healthcare Augment the Role of Income?," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(5), pages 837-864, July.
    13. Hasina Rakotomanana & Joel J. Komakech & Christine N. Walters & Barbara J. Stoecker, 2020. "The WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) Indicators for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene and Their Association with Linear Growth in Children 6 to 23 Months in East Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-14, August.
    14. Claire F. Brereton & Paul Jagals, 2021. "Applications of Systems Science to Understand and Manage Multiple Influences within Children’s Environmental Health in Least Developed Countries: A Causal Loop Diagram Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-23, March.
    15. Payal Hathi & Sabrina Haque & Lovey Pant & Diane Coffey & Dean Spears, 2017. "Place and Child Health: The Interaction of Population Density and Sanitation in Developing Countries," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(1), pages 337-360, February.
    16. Headey, Derek & Hoddinott, John & Ali, Disha & Tesfaye, Roman & Dereje, Mekdim, 2015. "The Other Asian Enigma: Explaining the Rapid Reduction of Undernutrition in Bangladesh," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 749-761.
    17. Bridgman, Grace & von Fintel, Dieter, 2022. "Stunting, double orphanhood and unequal access to public services in democratic South Africa," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    18. Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab & Guiteras, Raymond P. & Levinsohn, James & Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq, 2023. "Social and financial incentives for overcoming a collective action problem," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    19. Vyas, Sangita & Kov, Phyrum & Smets, Susanna & Spears, Dean, 2016. "Disease externalities and net nutrition: Evidence from changes in sanitation and child height in Cambodia, 2005–2010," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 235-245.
    20. Daniel A. Mekonnen & Laura Trijsburg & Thom Achterbosch & Inge D. Brouwer & Gina Kennedy & Vincent Linderhof & Ruerd Ruben & Elise F. Talsma, 2021. "Food consumption patterns, nutrient adequacy, and the food systems in Nigeria," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:9:p:9854-9870:d:40491. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.