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Resampling Methods Improve the Predictive Power of Modeling in Class-Imbalanced Datasets

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  • Paul H. Lee

    (School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong)

Abstract

In the medical field, many outcome variables are dichotomized, and the two possible values of a dichotomized variable are referred to as classes. A dichotomized dataset is class-imbalanced if it consists mostly of one class, and performance of common classification models on this type of dataset tends to be suboptimal. To tackle such a problem, resampling methods, including oversampling and undersampling can be used. This paper aims at illustrating the effect of resampling methods using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) wave 2009–2010 dataset. A total of 4677 participants aged ≥20 without self-reported diabetes and with valid blood test results were analyzed. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) procedure was used to build a classification model on undiagnosed diabetes. A participant demonstrated evidence of diabetes according to WHO diabetes criteria. Exposure variables included demographics and socio-economic status. CART models were fitted using a randomly selected 70% of the data (training dataset), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was computed using the remaining 30% of the sample for evaluation (testing dataset). CART models were fitted using the training dataset, the oversampled training dataset, the weighted training dataset, and the undersampled training dataset. In addition, resampling case-to-control ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 were examined. Resampling methods on the performance of other extensions of CART (random forests and generalized boosted trees) were also examined. CARTs fitted on the oversampled (AUC = 0.70) and undersampled training data (AUC = 0.74) yielded a better classification power than that on the training data (AUC = 0.65). Resampling could also improve the classification power of random forests and generalized boosted trees. To conclude, applying resampling methods in a class-imbalanced dataset improved the classification power of CART, random forests, and generalized boosted trees.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul H. Lee, 2014. "Resampling Methods Improve the Predictive Power of Modeling in Class-Imbalanced Datasets," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-14, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:9:p:9776-9789:d:40372
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    Cited by:

    1. Davide Barbieri & Nitesh Chawla & Luciana Zaccagni & Tonći Grgurinović & Jelena Šarac & Miran Čoklo & Saša Missoni, 2020. "Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Athletes: Resampling Improves Classification Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-9, October.
    2. Marco Vriens & Nathan Bosch & Chad Vidden & Jason Talwar, 2022. "Prediction and profitability in market segmentation typing tools," Journal of Marketing Analytics, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(4), pages 360-389, December.
    3. Pierfrancesco Alaimo Di Loro & Daria Scacciatelli & Giovanna Tagliaferri, 2023. "2-step Gradient Boosting approach to selectivity bias correction in tax audit: an application to the VAT gap in Italy," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 32(1), pages 237-270, March.

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