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Measuring the Safety of Excreta Disposal Behavior in India with the New Safe San Index: Reliability, Validity and Utility

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  • Marion W. Jenkins

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
    Environmental Health Group, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

  • Matthew C. Freeman

    (Department of Environmental Health, Rollings School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA)

  • Parimita Routray

    (Environmental Health Group, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

Abstract

Methods to assess household excreta disposal practices are critical for informing public health outcomes of efforts to improve sanitation in developing countries. We present a new metric, the Safe San Index (SSI), to quantify the hygienic safety of a household’s defecation and human feces disposal practices in India, where behavioral outcomes from on-going public expenditures to construct household sanitation facilities and eliminate open defecation are poorly measured. We define hygienic safety of feces disposal as capture in a hygienic sanitation facility. The SSI consists of 15 self-report items and two sub-scales, Latrine Use Frequency and Seven-Day Open Defecation Rate. Households are scored on a standardized scale from 0 (no defecation safely captured) to 100 (all defecation safely captured). We present results of a pilot study in Odisha, India to apply the Index to assess excreta disposal behaviors among rural households and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Index for estimating the rate of correct and consistent sanitation facility usage of household with an improved latrine.

Suggested Citation

  • Marion W. Jenkins & Matthew C. Freeman & Parimita Routray, 2014. "Measuring the Safety of Excreta Disposal Behavior in India with the New Safe San Index: Reliability, Validity and Utility," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-28, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:8:p:8319-8346:d:39245
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jenkins, Marion W. & Scott, Beth, 2007. "Behavioral indicators of household decision-making and demand for sanitation and potential gains from social marketing in Ghana," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 64(12), pages 2427-2442, June.
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    1. Mitsunori Odagiri & Zainal Muhammad & Aidan A. Cronin & Michael E. Gnilo & Aldy K. Mardikanto & Khaerul Umam & Yameha T. Asamou, 2017. "Enabling Factors for Sustaining Open Defecation-Free Communities in Rural Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, December.

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