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Quality of Water and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli from Water Sources of Hilly Tribal Villages with and without Integrated Watershed Management—A One Year Prospective Study

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  • Sandeep S. Nerkar

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17177, Sweden
    Department of Environmental Medicine, Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, 456010, India)

  • Ashok J. Tamhankar

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17177, Sweden
    Department of Environmental Medicine, Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, R. D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, 456010, India)

  • Smita U. Khedkar

    (Bac-test Laboratory, College Road, Nashik, 422005, India)

  • Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg

    (Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17177, Sweden)

Abstract

In many hilly tribal areas of the world, water scarcity is a major problem and diarrhoea is common. Poor quality of water also affects the environment. An integrated watershed management programme (IWMP) aims to increase availability of water and to improve life conditions. Globally, there is a lack of information on water contamination, occurrence of diarrhoea and antibiotic resistance, a serious global concern, in relation to IWMP in hilly tribal areas. Therefore, a prospective observational study was conducted during 2011–2012 in six villages in a hilly tribal belt of India, three with and three without implementation of an IWMP, to explore quality of water, diarrhoeal cases in the community and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from water sources. The results showed that physico-chemical quality of water was within limits of safe consumption in all samples. The odds of coliform contamination in water samples was 2.3 times higher in non-watershed management villages (NWMV) compared to integrated watershed management villages (IWMV) (95% CI 0.8–6.45, p = 0.081). The number of diarrhoeal cases (18/663 vs. 42/639, p < 0.05) was lower in IWMV as compared to NWMV. Overall E. coli isolates showed high susceptibility to antibiotics. Resistance to a wider range of antibiotics was observed in NWMV.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandeep S. Nerkar & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Smita U. Khedkar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2014. "Quality of Water and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli from Water Sources of Hilly Tribal Villages with and without Integrated Watershed Management—A One Year Prospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:6:p:6156-6170:d:37002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krushna Chandra Sahoo & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Soumyakanta Sahoo & Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu & Senia Rosales Klintz & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2012. "Geographical Variation in Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Stool, Cow-Dung and Drinking Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-14, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sandeep S. Nerkar & Ashish Pathak & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg & Ashok J. Tamhankar, 2015. "Can Integrated Watershed Management Contribute to Improvement of Public Health? A Cross-Sectional Study from Hilly Tribal Villages in India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Sandeep S. Nerkar & Ashok J. Tamhankar & Eva Johansson & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2016. "Impact of Integrated Watershed Management on Complex Interlinked Factors Influencing Health: Perceptions of Professional Stakeholders in a Hilly Tribal Area of India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, March.

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