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Risk of Spina Bifida and Maternal Cigarette, Alcohol, and Coffee Use during the First Month of Pregnancy

Author

Listed:
  • Corey M. Benedum

    (Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA)

  • Mahsa M. Yazdy

    (Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA)

  • Allen A. Mitchell

    (Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA)

  • Martha M. Werler

    (Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA)

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the association between the risks of spina bifida (SB) in relation to cigarette, alcohol, and caffeine consumption by women during the first month of pregnancy. Between 1988–2012, this multi-center case-control study interviewed mothers of 776 SB cases and 8,756 controls about pregnancy events and exposures. We evaluated cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol drinking, and caffeine intake during the first lunar month of pregnancy in relation to SB risk. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Levels of cigarette smoking (1–9 and ≥10/day), alcohol intake (average ≥4 drinks/day) and caffeine intake (<1, 1, and ≥2 cups/day) were not likely to be associated with increased risk of SB. Further, results were similar among women who ingested less than the recommended amount of folic acid (400 μg/day).

Suggested Citation

  • Corey M. Benedum & Mahsa M. Yazdy & Allen A. Mitchell & Martha M. Werler, 2013. "Risk of Spina Bifida and Maternal Cigarette, Alcohol, and Coffee Use during the First Month of Pregnancy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:8:p:3263-3281:d:27686
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Malloy, M.H. & Kleinman, J.C. & Bakewell, J.M. & Schramm, W.F. & Land, G.H., 1989. "Maternal smoking during pregnancy: No association with congenital malformations in Missouri 1980-83," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 79(9), pages 1243-1246.
    2. Kurppa, K. & Holmberg, P.C. & Kuosma, E. & Saxen, L., 1983. "Coffee consumption during pregnancy and selected congenital malformations: A nationwide case-control study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 73(12), pages 1397-1399.
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