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Infectious Risk Assessment of Unsafe Handling Practices and Management of Clinical Solid Waste

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  • Md. Sohrab Hossain

    (Department of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman

    (School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Venugopal Balakrishnan

    (Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Vignesh R. Puvanesuaran

    (Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Md. Zaidul Islam Sarker

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Omar Ab Kadir

    (Department of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to determine the bacterial agents present in various clinical solid wastes, general waste and clinical sharp waste. The waste was collected from different wards/units in a healthcare facility in Penang Island, Malaysia. The presence of bacterial agents in clinical and general waste was determined using the conventional bacteria identification methods. Several pathogenic bacteria including opportunistic bacterial agent such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae , Serratia marcescens , Acinetobacter baumannii , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Enterococcus faecalis , Streptococcus pyogenes were detected in clinical solid wastes. The presence of specific pathogenic bacterial strains in clinical sharp waste was determined using 16s rDNA analysis. In this study, several nosocomial pathogenic bacteria strains of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Proteus mirabilis , Lysinibacillus sphaericus , Serratia marcescens , and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in clinical sharp waste. The present study suggests that waste generated from healthcare facilities should be sterilized at the point of generation in order to eliminate nosocomial infections from the general waste or either of the clinical wastes.

Suggested Citation

  • Md. Sohrab Hossain & Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman & Venugopal Balakrishnan & Vignesh R. Puvanesuaran & Md. Zaidul Islam Sarker & Mohd Omar Ab Kadir, 2013. "Infectious Risk Assessment of Unsafe Handling Practices and Management of Clinical Solid Waste," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:2:p:556-567:d:23280
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brent, Alan C. & Rogers, David E.C. & Ramabitsa-Siimane, Tsaletseng S.M. & Rohwer, Mark B., 2007. "Application of the analytical hierarchy process to establish health care waste management systems that minimise infection risks in developing countries," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 181(1), pages 403-424, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcin Cyprowski & Anna Ławniczek-Wałczyk & Agata Stobnicka-Kupiec & Małgorzata Gołofit-Szymczak & Rafał L. Górny, 2022. "Across-Shift Changes in Viable Nasal Bacteria among Waste-Incineration Plant Workers—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Navarro Ferronato & Vincenzo Torretta, 2019. "Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-28, March.

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