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Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America

Author

Listed:
  • Brian R. Mann

    (Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA)

  • Allison R. McMullen

    (Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
    Present address: Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.)

  • Daniele M. Swetnam

    (Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA)

  • Alan D. T. Barrett

    (Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA)

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout North America and into parts of Central and South America. Displacement of the original New York (NY99) genotype by the North America/West Nile 2002 (NA/WN02) genotype occurred in 2002 with subsequent identification of a novel genotype in 2003 in isolates collected from the southwestern Unites States region (SW/WN03 genotype). Both genotypes co-circulate to date. Subsequent WNV surveillance studies have confirmed additional genotypes in the United States that have become extinct due to lack of a selective advantage or stochastic effect; however, the dynamic emergence, displacement, and extinction of multiple WNV genotypes in the US from 1999–2012 indicates the continued evolution of WNV in North America.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian R. Mann & Allison R. McMullen & Daniele M. Swetnam & Alan D. T. Barrett, 2013. "Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:10:p:5111-5129:d:29575
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    Cited by:

    1. Andriani Marka & Alexandros Diamantidis & Anna Papa & George Valiakos & Serafeim C. Chaintoutis & Dimitrios Doukas & Persefoni Tserkezou & Alexios Giannakopoulos & Konstantinos Papaspyropoulos & Eleni, 2013. "West Nile Virus State of the Art Report of MALWEST Project," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-77, December.
    2. Giulia Mencattelli & Marie Henriette Dior Ndione & Andrea Silverj & Moussa Moise Diagne & Valentina Curini & Liana Teodori & Marco Di Domenico & Rassoul Mbaye & Alessandra Leone & Maurilia Marcacci & , 2023. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of West Nile virus between Africa and Europe," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.

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