IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v7y2014i5p2780-2798d35519.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Enabling Privacy in Vehicle-to-Grid Interactions for Battery Recharging

Author

Listed:
  • Cristina Rottondi

    (Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy)

  • Simone Fontana

    (Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy)

  • Giacomo Verticale

    (Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy)

Abstract

The diffusion of Electric Vehicles (EV) fostered by the evolution of the power system towards the new concept of Smart Grid introduces several technological challenges related to the synergy among electricity-propelled vehicle fleets and the energy grid ecosystem. EVs promise to reduce carbon emissions by exploiting Renewable Energy Sources (RESes) for battery recharge, and could potentially serve as storage bank to flatten the fluctuations of power generation caused by the intermittent nature of RESes by relying on a load aggregator, which intelligently schedules the battery charge/discharge of a fleet of vehicles according to the users’ requests and grid’s needs. However, the introduction of such vehicle-to-grid (V2G) infrastructure rises also privacy concerns: plugging the vehicles in the recharging infrastructures may expose private information regarding the user’s locations and travelling habits. Therefore, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving V2G infrastructure which does not disclose to the aggregator the current battery charge level, the amount of refilled energy, nor the time periods in which the vehicles are actually plugged in. The communication protocol relies on the Shamir Secret Sharing threshold cryptosystem. We evaluate the security properties of our solution and compare its performance to the optimal scheduling achievable by means of an Integer Linear Program (ILP) aimed at maximizing the ratio of the amount of charged/discharged energy to/from the EV’s batteries to the grid power availability/request. This way, we quantify the reduction in the effectiveness of the scheduling strategy due to the preservation of data privacy.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Rottondi & Simone Fontana & Giacomo Verticale, 2014. "Enabling Privacy in Vehicle-to-Grid Interactions for Battery Recharging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:5:p:2780-2798:d:35519
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/5/2780/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/5/2780/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Offer, G.J. & Howey, D. & Contestabile, M. & Clague, R. & Brandon, N.P., 2010. "Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 24-29, January.
    2. Hong, Tao & Pinson, Pierre & Fan, Shu, 2014. "Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 357-363.
    3. Kempton, Willett & Tomic, Jasna & Letendre, Steven & Brooks, Alec & Lipman, Timothy, 2001. "Vehicle-to-Grid Power: Battery, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles as Resources for Distributed Electric Power in California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt0qp6s4mb, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    4. Khayyam, Hamid & Abawajy, Jemal & Javadi, Bahman & Goscinski, Andrzej & Stojcevski, Alex & Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza, 2013. "Intelligent battery energy management and control for vehicle-to-grid via cloud computing network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 971-981.
    5. Kempton, Willett & Tomic, Jasna & Letendre, Steven & Brooks, Alec & Lipman, Timothy, 2001. "Vehicle-to-Grid Power: Battery, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles as Resources for Distributed Electric Power in California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5cc9g0jp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    6. Ekman, Claus Krog, 2011. "On the synergy between large electric vehicle fleet and high wind penetration – An analysis of the Danish case," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 546-553.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yuttana Kongjeen & Krischonme Bhumkittipich, 2018. "Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Integrated into Power Distribution System Based on Voltage-Dependent Power Flow Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Reza Ahmadi Kordkheili & Seyyed Ali Pourmousavi & Mehdi Savaghebi & Josep M. Guerrero & Mohammad Hashem Nehrir, 2016. "Assessing the Potential of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Active Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Yuancheng Li & Pan Zhang & Yimeng Wang, 2018. "The Location Privacy Protection of Electric Vehicles with Differential Privacy in V2G Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Drude, Lukas & Pereira Junior, Luiz Carlos & Rüther, Ricardo, 2014. "Photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicle-to-grid (V2G) strategies for peak demand reduction in urban regions in Brazil in a smart grid environment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 443-451.
    2. Oussama Ouramdane & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Yassine Amirat & Ehsan Sedgh Gooya, 2021. "Optimal Sizing and Energy Management of Microgrids with Vehicle-to-Grid Technology: A Critical Review and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-45, July.
    3. Kley, Fabian & Lerch, Christian & Dallinger, David, 2011. "New business models for electric cars--A holistic approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3392-3403, June.
    4. Carreiro, Andreia M. & Jorge, Humberto M. & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler, 2017. "Energy management systems aggregators: A literature survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1160-1172.
    5. Juul, Nina & Meibom, Peter, 2012. "Road transport and power system scenarios for Northern Europe in 2030," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 573-582.
    6. Lipman, Tim & Kammen, Daniel & Ogden, Joan & Sperling, Dan, 2004. "An Integrated Hydrogen Vision for California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt9hx260wp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    7. Lopez, A. & Ogayar, B. & Hernández, J.C. & Sutil, F.S., 2020. "Survey and assessment of technical and economic features for the provision of frequency control services by household-prosumers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    8. Xian Zhao & Siqi Wang & Xiaoyue Wang, 2018. "Characteristics and Trends of Research on New Energy Vehicle Reliability Based on the Web of Science," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-25, October.
    9. Hedegaard, Karsten & Ravn, Hans & Juul, Nina & Meibom, Peter, 2012. "Effects of electric vehicles on power systems in Northern Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 356-368.
    10. Jorgensen, K., 2008. "Technologies for electric, hybrid and hydrogen vehicles: Electricity from renewable energy sources in transport," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 72-79, June.
    11. Lipman, Timothy & Shaheen, Susan, 2005. "Integrated Hydrogen and Intelligent Transportation Systems Evaluation for the California Department of Transportation," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt63d0t5wb, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    12. Brown, T. & Schlachtberger, D. & Kies, A. & Schramm, S. & Greiner, M., 2018. "Synergies of sector coupling and transmission reinforcement in a cost-optimised, highly renewable European energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 720-739.
    13. Lei, Xiang & Yu, Hang & Shao, Ziyun & Jian, Linni, 2023. "Optimal bidding and coordinating strategy for maximal marginal revenue due to V2G operation: Distribution system operator as a key player in China's uncertain electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    14. Hoogvliet, T.W. & Litjens, G.B.M.A. & van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., 2017. "Provision of regulating- and reserve power by electric vehicle owners in the Dutch market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 1008-1019.
    15. Lefeng, Shi & Qian, Zhang & Yongjian, Pu, 2013. "The reserve trading model considering V2G Reverse," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 50-55.
    16. Heilmann, C. & Friedl, G., 2021. "Factors influencing the economic success of grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid applications—A review and meta-analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    17. Boonstra, Boris C. & Oosterlee, Cornelis W., 2021. "Valuation of electricity storage contracts using the COS method," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 410(C).
    18. Farahani, Samira S. & Bleeker, Cliff & van Wijk, Ad & Lukszo, Zofia, 2020. "Hydrogen-based integrated energy and mobility system for a real-life office environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    19. Perez-Diaz, Alvaro & Gerding, Enrico & McGroarty, Frank, 2018. "Coordination and payment mechanisms for electric vehicle aggregators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 185-195.
    20. Ioakimidis, Christos S. & Oliveira, Luís J. & Genikomsakis, Konstantinos N. & Dallas, Panagiotis I., 2014. "Design, architecture and implementation of a residential energy box management tool in a SmartGrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 167-181.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:5:p:2780-2798:d:35519. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.