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Optimal Design of Cogeneration Systems in Industrial Plants Combined with District Heating/Cooling and Underground Thermal Energy Storage

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  • Andrea Reverberi

    (Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genova 16145, Italy)

  • Adriana Del Borghi

    (Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genova 16145, Italy)

  • Vincenzo Dovì

    (Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genova 16145, Italy)

Abstract

Combined heat and power (CHP) systems in both power stations and large plants are becoming one of the most important tools for reducing energy requirements and consequently the overall carbon footprint of fundamental industrial activities. While power stations employ topping cycles where the heat rejected from the cycle is supplied to domestic and industrial consumers, the plants that produce surplus heat can utilise bottoming cycles to generate electrical power. Traditionally the waste heat available at high temperatures was used to generate electrical power, whereas energy at lower temperatures was either released to the environment or used for commercial or domestic heating. However the introduction of new engines, such as the ones using the organic Rankine cycle, capable of employing condensing temperatures very close to the ambient temperature, has made the generation of electrical power at low temperatures also convenient. On the other hand, district heating is becoming more and more significant since it has been extended to include cooling in the warm months and underground storage of thermal energy to cope with variable demand. These developments imply that electric power generation and district heating/cooling may become alternative and not complementary solutions for waste energy of industrial plants. Therefore the overall energy management requires the introduction of an optimisation algorithm to select the best strategy. In this paper we propose an algorithm for the minimisation of a suitable cost function, for any given variable heat demand from commercial and domestic users, with respect to all independent variables, i.e. , temperatures and flowrates of warm fluid streams leaving the plants and volume and nature of underground storage. The results of the preliminary process integration analysis based on pinch technology are used in this algorithm to provide bounds on the values of temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Reverberi & Adriana Del Borghi & Vincenzo Dovì, 2011. "Optimal Design of Cogeneration Systems in Industrial Plants Combined with District Heating/Cooling and Underground Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(12), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:4:y:2011:i:12:p:2151-2165:d:15084
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Perry, Simon & Klemeš, Jiří & Bulatov, Igor, 2008. "Integrating waste and renewable energy to reduce the carbon footprint of locally integrated energy sectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(10), pages 1489-1497.
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    1. Sadeghi, Habibollah & Jalali, Ramin & Singh, Rao Martand, 2024. "A review of borehole thermal energy storage and its integration into district heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    2. Katia Perini & Fabio Magrassi & Andrea Giachetta & Luca Moreschi & Michela Gallo & Adriana Del Borghi, 2021. "Environmental Sustainability of Building Retrofit through Vertical Greening Systems: A Life-Cycle Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Melchiorre Casisi & Stefano Costanzo & Piero Pinamonti & Mauro Reini, 2018. "Two-Level Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization of a District Heating System with Distributed Cogeneration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, December.
    4. Hongjin Wang & Hongguang Zhang & Fubin Yang & Songsong Song & Ying Chang & Chen Bei & Kai Yang, 2015. "Parametric Optimization of Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle System for Diesel Engine Based on Particle Swarm Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-26, September.
    5. Mazhar, Abdur Rehman & Liu, Shuli & Shukla, Ashish, 2018. "A state of art review on the district heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 420-439.
    6. Kai Yang & Hongguang Zhang & Songsong Song & Fubin Yang & Hao Liu & Guangyao Zhao & Jian Zhang & Baofeng Yao, 2014. "Effects of Degree of Superheat on the Running Performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Waste Heat Recovery System for Diesel Engines under Various Operating Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-23, April.
    7. Andrej Ljubenko & Alojz Poredoš & Tatiana Morosuk & George Tsatsaronis, 2013. "Performance Analysis of a District Heating System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-16, March.
    8. Alice Mugnini & Gianluca Coccia & Fabio Polonara & Alessia Arteconi, 2019. "Potential of District Cooling Systems: A Case Study on Recovering Cold Energy from Liquefied Natural Gas Vaporization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-13, August.
    9. Kai Yang & Hongguang Zhang & Songsong Song & Jian Zhang & Yuting Wu & Yeqiang Zhang & Hongjin Wang & Ying Chang & Chen Bei, 2014. "Performance Analysis of the Vehicle Diesel Engine-ORC Combined System Based on a Screw Expander," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-20, May.
    10. Adriana Del Borghi & Thomas Spiegelhalter & Luca Moreschi & Michela Gallo, 2021. "Carbon-Neutral-Campus Building: Design Versus Retrofitting of Two University Zero Energy Buildings in Europe and in the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    11. Teng, Sin Yong & Leong, Wei Dong & How, Bing Shen & Lam, Hon Loong & Máša, Vítězslav & Stehlík, Petr, 2021. "Debottlenecking cogeneration systems under process variations: Multi-dimensional bottleneck tree analysis with neural network ensemble," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).

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