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Wind-Speed Multi-Step Forecasting Based on Variational Mode Decomposition, Temporal Convolutional Network, and Transformer Model

Author

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  • Shengcai Zhang

    (School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
    School of Cyber Security, Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou 730070, China)

  • Changsheng Zhu

    (School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China)

  • Xiuting Guo

    (School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China)

Abstract

Reliable and accurate wind-speed forecasts significantly impact the efficiency of wind power utilization and the safety of power systems. In addressing the performance enhancement of transformer models in short-term wind-speed forecasting, a multi-step prediction model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), temporal convolutional network (TCN), and a transformer is proposed. Initially, the Dung Beetle Optimizer (DBO) is utilized to optimize VMD for decomposing non-stationary wind-speed series data. Subsequently, the TCN is used to extract features from the input sequences. Finally, the processed data are fed into the transformer model for prediction. The effectiveness of this model is validated by comparison with six other prediction models across three datasets, demonstrating its superior accuracy in short-term wind-speed forecasting. Experimental findings from three distinct datasets reveal that the developed model achieves an average improvement of 52.1% for R 2 . To the best of our knowledge, this places our model at the leading edge of wind-speed prediction for 8 h and 12 h forecasts, demonstrating MSEs of 1.003 and 0.895, MAEs of 0.754 and 0.665, and RMSEs of 1.001 and 0.946, respectively. Therefore, this research offers significant contributions through a new framework and demonstrates the utility of the transformer in effectively predicting short-term wind speed.

Suggested Citation

  • Shengcai Zhang & Changsheng Zhu & Xiuting Guo, 2024. "Wind-Speed Multi-Step Forecasting Based on Variational Mode Decomposition, Temporal Convolutional Network, and Transformer Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:9:p:1996-:d:1381026
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    References listed on IDEAS

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