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Influence of Ti Layers on the Efficiency of Solar Cells and the Reduction of Heat Transfer in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics

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  • Paweł Kwaśnicki

    (Research & Development Centre for Photovoltaics, ML System S.A., Zaczernie 190G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland
    Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland)

  • Dariusz Augustowski

    (Research & Development Centre for Photovoltaics, ML System S.A., Zaczernie 190G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Generowicz

    (Department of Environmental Technologies, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Anna Kochanek

    (Faculty of Engineering, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland)

Abstract

This study examined the potential application of metallic coatings to mitigate the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light on photovoltaic modules. Titanium coatings were applied on low-iron glass surfaces using magnetron sputtering at powers of 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, and 2500 W. The module with uncoated glass served as a reference. The Ti layer thickness varied from 7 nm to 20 nm. Transmittance and reflectance spectra were used to calculate visible light transmittance L t , UV light transmittance L tuv , solar transmittance g , and visible light reflectance L r . The obtained parameters indicated that the thinnest Ti layer (1000 W) coating did not significantly affect light transmittance, but thicker layers did, altering the L t , g , and L r factors. However, every sample noticeably changed L tuv , probably due to the natural formation of a UV-reflective thin TiO 2 layer. The differences in fill factor ( FF ) were minimal, but thicker coatings resulted in lower open-circuit voltages ( U oc ) and short-circuit currents ( I sc ), leading to a reduction in power conversion efficiency ( PCE ). Notably, a Ti coating deposited at 2500 W reduced the power of the photovoltaic module by 78% compared to the uncoated sample but may protect modules against the unwanted effects of overheating.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Kwaśnicki & Dariusz Augustowski & Agnieszka Generowicz & Anna Kochanek, 2024. "Influence of Ti Layers on the Efficiency of Solar Cells and the Reduction of Heat Transfer in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5327-:d:1506955
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik, 2021. "The Effect of Climate on the Solar Radiation Components on Building Skins and Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Chakraborty, Suprava & Haldkar, Avinash Kumar & Manoj Kumar, Nallapaneni, 2023. "Analysis of the hail impacts on the performance of commercially available photovoltaic modules of varying front glass thickness," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 345-356.
    3. Yang, Tingting & Athienitis, Andreas K., 2016. "A review of research and developments of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 886-912.
    4. Krzysztof Barbusiński & Paweł Kwaśnicki & Anna Gronba-Chyła & Agnieszka Generowicz & Józef Ciuła & Bartosz Szeląg & Francesco Fatone & Agnieszka Makara & Zygmunt Kowalski, 2024. "Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Electrical Parameters of Side Connectors in Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, January.
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    6. Paweł Kwaśnicki & Anna Gronba-Chyła & Agnieszka Generowicz & Józef Ciuła & Agnieszka Makara & Zygmunt Kowalski, 2024. "Characterization of the TCO Layer on a Glass Surface for PV II nd and III rd Generation Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-14, June.
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