IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i21p5327-d1506955.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence of Ti Layers on the Efficiency of Solar Cells and the Reduction of Heat Transfer in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics

Author

Listed:
  • Paweł Kwaśnicki

    (Research & Development Centre for Photovoltaics, ML System S.A., Zaczernie 190G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland
    Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland)

  • Dariusz Augustowski

    (Research & Development Centre for Photovoltaics, ML System S.A., Zaczernie 190G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Generowicz

    (Department of Environmental Technologies, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Anna Kochanek

    (Faculty of Engineering, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland)

Abstract

This study examined the potential application of metallic coatings to mitigate the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light on photovoltaic modules. Titanium coatings were applied on low-iron glass surfaces using magnetron sputtering at powers of 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, and 2500 W. The module with uncoated glass served as a reference. The Ti layer thickness varied from 7 nm to 20 nm. Transmittance and reflectance spectra were used to calculate visible light transmittance L t , UV light transmittance L tuv , solar transmittance g , and visible light reflectance L r . The obtained parameters indicated that the thinnest Ti layer (1000 W) coating did not significantly affect light transmittance, but thicker layers did, altering the L t , g , and L r factors. However, every sample noticeably changed L tuv , probably due to the natural formation of a UV-reflective thin TiO 2 layer. The differences in fill factor ( FF ) were minimal, but thicker coatings resulted in lower open-circuit voltages ( U oc ) and short-circuit currents ( I sc ), leading to a reduction in power conversion efficiency ( PCE ). Notably, a Ti coating deposited at 2500 W reduced the power of the photovoltaic module by 78% compared to the uncoated sample but may protect modules against the unwanted effects of overheating.

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Kwaśnicki & Dariusz Augustowski & Agnieszka Generowicz & Anna Kochanek, 2024. "Influence of Ti Layers on the Efficiency of Solar Cells and the Reduction of Heat Transfer in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5327-:d:1506955
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5327/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5327/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik, 2021. "The Effect of Climate on the Solar Radiation Components on Building Skins and Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Krzysztof Barbusiński & Paweł Kwaśnicki & Anna Gronba-Chyła & Agnieszka Generowicz & Józef Ciuła & Bartosz Szeląg & Francesco Fatone & Agnieszka Makara & Zygmunt Kowalski, 2024. "Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Electrical Parameters of Side Connectors in Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, January.
    3. Nofuentes, Gustavo & de la Casa, Juan & Solís-Alemán, Ernesto M. & Fernández, Eduardo F., 2017. "Spectral impact on PV performance in mid-latitude sunny inland sites: Experimental vs. modelled results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1857-1868.
    4. Chakraborty, Suprava & Haldkar, Avinash Kumar & Manoj Kumar, Nallapaneni, 2023. "Analysis of the hail impacts on the performance of commercially available photovoltaic modules of varying front glass thickness," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 345-356.
    5. Yang, Tingting & Athienitis, Andreas K., 2016. "A review of research and developments of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 886-912.
    6. Paweł Kwaśnicki & Anna Gronba-Chyła & Agnieszka Generowicz & Józef Ciuła & Agnieszka Makara & Zygmunt Kowalski, 2024. "Characterization of the TCO Layer on a Glass Surface for PV II nd and III rd Generation Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-14, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik, 2021. "Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in Europe, Rational Feed-In Tariffs and Subsidies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Taveres-Cachat, Ellika & Lobaccaro, Gabriele & Goia, Francesco & Chaudhary, Gaurav, 2019. "A methodology to improve the performance of PV integrated shading devices using multi-objective optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 731-744.
    3. Liang, Ruobing & Pan, Qiangguang & Wang, Peng & Zhang, Jili, 2018. "Experiment research of solar PV/T cogeneration system on the building façade driven by a refrigerant pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 744-752.
    4. Ji Hyun Lim & Geun Young Yun, 2017. "Cooling Energy Implications of Occupant Factor in Buildings under Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-12, November.
    5. Espinoza, R. & Muñoz-Cerón, E. & Aguilera, J. & de la Casa, J., 2019. "Feasibility evaluation of residential photovoltaic self-consumption projects in Peru," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 414-427.
    6. Ivo Araújo & Leonel J. R. Nunes & António Curado, 2023. "Photovoltaic Production Management under Constrained Regulatory Requirements: A Step towards a Local Energy Community Creation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-19, November.
    7. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik & Koen Steemers, 2021. "The Contribution of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) to the Concept of Nearly Zero-Energy Cities in Europe: Potential and Challenges Ahead," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Poppi, Stefano & Sommerfeldt, Nelson & Bales, Chris & Madani, Hatef & Lundqvist, Per, 2018. "Techno-economic review of solar heat pump systems for residential heating applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 22-32.
    9. Buonomano, Annamaria, 2020. "Building to Vehicle to Building concept: A comprehensive parametric and sensitivity analysis for decision making aims," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    10. Tian, Xinyi & Wang, Jun & Ke, Wei & Ji, Jie, 2024. "Performance assessment of the curved-type multi-channel PV roof for space-heating and electricity generation in winter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    11. Anand, B. & Shankar, R. & Murugavelh, S. & Rivera, W. & Midhun Prasad, K. & Nagarajan, R., 2021. "A review on solar photovoltaic thermal integrated desalination technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    12. Buonomano, A. & Calise, F. & Cappiello, F.L. & Palombo, A. & Vicidomini, M., 2019. "Dynamic analysis of the integration of electric vehicles in efficient buildings fed by renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C), pages 31-50.
    13. Marzo, Aitor & Ferrada, Pablo & Beiza, Felipe & Besson, Pierre & Alonso-Montesinos, Joaquín & Ballestrín, Jesús & Román, Roberto & Portillo, Carlos & Escobar, Rodrigo & Fuentealba, Edward, 2018. "Standard or local solar spectrum? Implications for solar technologies studies in the Atacama desert," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 871-882.
    14. Sojung Kim & Sumin Kim, 2023. "Economic Feasibility Comparison between Building-Integrated Photovoltaics and Green Systems in Northeast Texas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.
    15. Elsheikh, A.H. & Sharshir, S.W. & Mostafa, Mohamed E. & Essa, F.A. & Ahmed Ali, Mohamed Kamal, 2018. "Applications of nanofluids in solar energy: A review of recent advances," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3483-3502.
    16. Sun, Yanyi & Shanks, Katie & Baig, Hasan & Zhang, Wei & Hao, Xia & Li, Yongxue & He, Bo & Wilson, Robin & Liu, Hao & Sundaram, Senthilarasu & Zhang, Jingquan & Xie, Lingzhi & Mallick, Tapas & Wu, Yupe, 2018. "Integrated semi-transparent cadmium telluride photovoltaic glazing into windows: Energy and daylight performance for different architecture designs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 972-984.
    17. Sharma, Manoj Kumar & Bhattacharya, Jishnu, 2022. "Dependence of spectral factor on angle of incidence for monocrystalline silicon based photovoltaic solar panel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 820-829.
    18. Yu, Guoqing & Yang, Hongxing & Luo, Daina & Cheng, Xu & Ansah, Mark Kyeredey, 2021. "A review on developments and researches of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) windows and shading blinds," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    19. Bayrak, Fatih & Abu-Hamdeh, Nidal & Alnefaie, Khaled A. & Öztop, Hakan F., 2017. "A review on exergy analysis of solar electricity production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 755-770.
    20. Abdulsalam S. Alghamdi & AbuBakr S. Bahaj & Yue Wu, 2017. "Assessment of Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation from Carport Canopies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-22, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5327-:d:1506955. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.