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Optimal Sizing, Energy Balance, Load Management and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Author

Listed:
  • Kelvin Nkalo Ukoima

    (Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria)

  • Ogbonnaya Inya Okoro

    (Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria)

  • Patrick Ifeanyi Obi

    (Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria)

  • Udochukwu Bola Akuru

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwanne University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Innocent Ewean Davidson

    (Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, French-South African Institute of Technology (F’SATI)/African Space Innovation Centre (ASIC), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

Abstract

This work utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO) for optimal sizing of a solar–wind–battery hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a rural community in Rivers State, Nigeria (Okorobo-Ile Town). The objective is to minimize the total economic cost (TEC), the total annual system cost (TAC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). A two-step approach is used. The algorithm first determines the optimal number of solar panels and wind turbines. Based on the results obtained in the first step, the optimal number of batteries and inverters is computed. The overall results obtained are then compared with results from the Non-dominant Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NGSA-II), hybrid genetic algorithm–particle swarm optimization (GA-PSO) and the proprietary derivative-free optimization algorithm. An energy management system monitors the energy balance and ensures that the load management is adequate using the battery state of charge as a control strategy. Results obtained showed that the optimal configuration consists of solar panels (151), wind turbine (3), inverter (122) and batteries (31). This results in a minimized TEC, TAC and LCOE of USD 469,200, USD 297,100 and 0.007/kWh, respectively. The optimal configuration when simulated under various climatic scenarios was able to meet the energy needs of the community irrespective of ambient conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kelvin Nkalo Ukoima & Ogbonnaya Inya Okoro & Patrick Ifeanyi Obi & Udochukwu Bola Akuru & Innocent Ewean Davidson, 2024. "Optimal Sizing, Energy Balance, Load Management and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5275-:d:1504803
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Takele Ferede Agajie & Armand Fopah-Lele & Isaac Amoussou & Ahmed Ali & Baseem Khan & Emmanuel Tanyi, 2023. "Optimal Design and Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Solar PV–Biogas Generator with Energy Storage Power Generation System in Multi-Objective Function Cases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Upadhyay, Subho & Sharma, M.P., 2015. "Development of hybrid energy system with cycle charging strategy using particle swarm optimization for a remote area in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 586-598.
    3. Kelvin Nkalo Ukoima & Abdulhameed Babatunde Owolabi & Abdulfatai Olatunji Yakub & Noel Ngando Same & Dongjun Suh & Jeung-Soo Huh, 2023. "Analysis of a Solar Hybrid Electricity Generation System for a Rural Community in River State, Nigeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin & Peng, Jinqing, 2015. "Pumped storage-based standalone photovoltaic power generation system: Modeling and techno-economic optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 649-659.
    5. Nguyen, Hai Tra & Safder, Usman & Nhu Nguyen, X.Q. & Yoo, ChangKyoo, 2020. "Multi-objective decision-making and optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system to meet the dynamic energy demands of a wastewater treatment plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
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    Keywords

    feasibility; hybrid; power; homer; solar; wind;
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