IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i17p4445-d1471459.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Using Consumer Loss Aversion to Investigate the Effect of Stackelberg Pricing for New-Energy Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Shuang Zhang

    (School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China)

  • Yueping Du

    (School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China)

  • Linxue Wang

    (School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China)

Abstract

Compared to the development history of traditional FVs (fossil-fuel vehicles), although NEVs (new-energy vehicles) have many advantages and huge development potential, they are still in the early stages of development. The current research about NEV diffusion mainly focuses on policies, competition, and cooperation with FVs, as well as consumer-related factors, in which consumers are generally assumed as rational. In order to study the impact of irrational consumer factors on NEV diffusion, this study takes the prospect theory into consideration. Through a literature analysis, the loss-aversion factor is introduced to establish a Stackelberg game model, in which the FV market is the leader and the NEV market is the follower. A backward induction method is used to solve the optimal decision strategy of each party in the game, and the Python Sympy library is employed for calculation and simulation. The results show that as the loss-aversion reference point λ increases, the price, demand, and profit of NEVs increase, while the price, demand, and profit of FVs decrease, and their sum profit also shows a downward trend. While, as the loss-aversion degree k increases, the price, demand, and profit of NEVs decrease, while the price, demand, and profit of FVs increase, and their sum profit also shows an upward trend.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuang Zhang & Yueping Du & Linxue Wang, 2024. "Using Consumer Loss Aversion to Investigate the Effect of Stackelberg Pricing for New-Energy Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:17:p:4445-:d:1471459
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/17/4445/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/17/4445/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Saint Akadiri, Seyi & Alola, Andrew Adewale & Akadiri, Ada Chigozie & Alola, Uju Violet, 2019. "Renewable energy consumption in EU-28 countries: Policy toward pollution mitigation and economic sustainability," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 803-810.
    2. Bengang Gong & Xuan Xia & Jinshi Cheng, 2020. "Supply-Chain Pricing and Coordination for New Energy Vehicles Considering Heterogeneity in Consumers’ Low Carbon Preference," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Zixuan Wang & Xiuzhang Li, 2021. "Demand Subsidy versus Production Regulation: Development of New Energy Vehicles in a Competitive Environment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Zhu, Xiaoxi & Chiong, Raymond & Wang, Miaomiao & Liu, Kai & Ren, Minglun, 2021. "Is carbon regulation better than cash subsidy? The case of new energy vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 170-192.
    5. Ji, Shou-feng & Zhao, Dan & Luo, Rong-juan, 2019. "Evolutionary game analysis on local governments and manufacturers' behavioral strategies: Impact of phasing out subsidies for new energy vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Liao, Dongsheng & Tan, Binbin, 2023. "An evolutionary game analysis of new energy vehicles promotion considering carbon tax in post-subsidy era," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    2. Yushi Wang & Licheng Sun & Shilong Li, 2022. "Production Decisions of Automakers Considering the Impact of Anticipated Regret under the Dual-Credit Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Meng Ding & Hui Zeng, 2022. "Multi-Agent Evolutionary Game in the Recycling Utilization of Sulfate-Rich Wastewater," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-20, July.
    4. Liu, Jicheng & Sun, Jiakang & Yuan, Hanying & Su, Yihan & Feng, Shuxian & Lu, Chaoran, 2022. "Behavior analysis of photovoltaic-storage-use value chain game evolution in blockchain environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    5. Solomon P. Nathaniel & Festus V. Bekun, 2020. "Electricity Consumption, Urbanization and Economic Growth in Nigeria: New Insights from Combined Cointegration amidst Structural Breaks," Research Africa Network Working Papers 20/013, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    6. Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica & Dorota Żebrowska-Suchodolska & Urszula Ala-Karvia & Marta Hozer-Koćmiel, 2021. "Changes in Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in the European Union Countries in 2005–2019," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-27, October.
    7. Liu, Changyu & Song, Yadong & Wang, Wei & Shi, Xunpeng, 2023. "The governance of manufacturers’ greenwashing behaviors: A tripartite evolutionary game analysis of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    8. Haiyang Shang & Fang Su & Serhat Yüksel & Hasan Dinçer, 2021. "Identifying the Strategic Priorities of the Technical Factors for the Sustainable Low Carbon Industry Based on Macroeconomic Conditions," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(2), pages 21582440211, May.
    9. Alola, Andrew Adewale & Akadiri, Seyi Saint, 2021. "Clean energy development in the United States amidst augmented socioeconomic aspects and country-specific policies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 221-230.
    10. Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian & Adriana Florina Popa & Raluca Florentina Creţu, 2021. "Does the Increase in Renewable Energy Influence GDP Growth? An EU-28 Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    11. Alhassan A. Karakara & Evans S. Osabuohien & Simplice A. Asongu, 2021. "Domestic Energy Consumption in Ghana: Deprivation versus Likelihood of Access," Working Papers 21/023, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    12. Di Wang & Yuman Li, 2022. "Measuring the Policy Effectiveness of China’s New-Energy Vehicle Industry and Its Differential Impact on Supply and Demand Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Xiaohang Ren & Cheng Cheng & Zhen Wang & Cheng Yan, 2021. "Spillover and dynamic effects of energy transition and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions for the European Union: A dynamic spatial panel model," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 228-242, January.
    14. Yuanyuan Xu & Xiuyan Ma & Gengui Zhou, 2022. "Coordination of Automobile Supply Chain Considering Relative Endurance Level under the Dual-Credit Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
    15. Zheng, Shuhong & Yang, Juan & Yu, Shiwei, 2021. "How renewable energy technological innovation promotes renewable power generation: Evidence from China's provincial panel data," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1394-1407.
    16. Marques, António Cardoso & Junqueira, Thibaut Manuel, 2022. "European energy transition: Decomposing the performance of nuclear power," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    17. Asongu, Simplice & Odhiambo, Nicholas, 2020. "The role of Globalization in Modulating the Effect of Environmental Degradation on Inclusive Human Development," MPRA Paper 103143, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Olatunji A. Shobande & Simplice A. Asongu, 2022. "The Dilemmas of Relevance: Exploring the role of Natural resources and the Carbon Kuznets Curve hypothesis in managing climate crisis in Africa," Working Papers 22/077, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    19. Wenhui Zhao & Yimeng Liu & Jiansheng Hou & Lifang Liu, 2023. "Impact of Carbon Trading Mechanism Considering Blockchain Technology on the Evolution of New Energy Vehicle Industry in the Post-Subsidy Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, September.
    20. Khan, Zeeshan & Malik, Muhammad Yousaf & Latif, Kashmala & Jiao, Zhilun, 2020. "Heterogeneous effect of eco-innovation and human capital on renewable & non-renewable energy consumption: Disaggregate analysis for G-7 countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:17:p:4445-:d:1471459. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.