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Reducing CO 2 Emissions through the Strategic Optimization of a Bulk Carrier Fleet for Loading and Transporting Polymetallic Nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Author

Listed:
  • Tomasz Cepowski

    (Faculty of Navigation, Maritime University of Szczecin, 1-2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Paweł Kacprzak

    (Faculty of Navigation, Maritime University of Szczecin, 1-2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

As global maritime cargo transportation intensifies, managing CO 2 emissions from ships becomes increasingly crucial. This article explores optimizing bulk carrier fleets for transporting polymetallic nodules (PMNs) from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) to reduce CO 2 emissions. Our analysis shows that larger bulk carriers, despite greater drifting forces from environmental conditions, emit less CO 2 over the entire transport mission, including loading and transit. Deploying large ships in global maritime trade could significantly reduce CO 2 emissions. This study also introduces a novel artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate drifting forces during loading operations and proposes a new method for estimating CO 2 emissions, considering environmental conditions and ship seakeeping properties. These findings highlight the importance of fleet size optimization and effective operational planning in achieving environmental sustainability in maritime transport.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomasz Cepowski & Paweł Kacprzak, 2024. "Reducing CO 2 Emissions through the Strategic Optimization of a Bulk Carrier Fleet for Loading and Transporting Polymetallic Nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-30, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:14:p:3383-:d:1432282
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marques, C.H. & Belchior, C.R.P. & Caprace, J.-D., 2018. "Optimising the engine-propeller matching for a liquefied natural gas carrier under rough weather," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 187-196.
    2. Svetlana V. Obydenkova & Lucie V. E. Defauw & Panos D. Kouris & David M. J. Smeulders & Michael D. Boot & Yvonne van der Meer, 2022. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of a Novel Solvolysis-Based Biorefinery Producing Lignin-Derived Marine Biofuel and Cellulosic Ethanol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-29, July.
    3. Chen, Xinqiang & Lv, Siying & Shang, Wen-long & Wu, Huafeng & Xian, Jiangfeng & Song, Chengcheng, 2024. "Ship energy consumption analysis and carbon emission exploitation via spatial-temporal maritime data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    4. Barone, Giovanni & Buonomano, Annamaria & Del Papa, Gianluca & Maka, Robert & Palombo, Adolfo, 2023. "How to achieve energy efficiency and sustainability of large ships: a new tool to optimize the operation of on-board diesel generators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    5. Valentina Bortuzzo & Serena Bertagna & Vittorio Bucci, 2023. "Mitigation of CO 2 Emissions from Commercial Ships: Evaluation of the Technology Readiness Level of Carbon Capture Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-15, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tomasz Cepowski, 2024. "Utilizing Artificial Neural Network Ensembles for Ship Design Optimization to Reduce Added Wave Resistance and CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, October.

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