IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i9p3921-d1140488.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Reducing Soot Nanoparticles and NO X Emissions in CRDI Diesel Engine by Incorporating TiO 2 Nano-Additives into Biodiesel Blends and Using High Rate of EGR

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed A. Fayad

    (Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Mohammed Sobhi

    (Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Cairo 11765, Egypt)

  • Miqdam T. Chaichan

    (Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Tawfik Badawy

    (Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt)

  • Wisam Essmat Abdul-Lateef

    (Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Hayder A. Dhahad

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Talal Yusaf

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4008, Australia)

  • Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak

    (Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Mohd S. Takriff

    (Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates)

  • Ahmed A. Al-Amiery

    (Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology—Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
    Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

The developments in the field of nano-additives have increased in the recent years due to the desire to reduce the level of exhaust emissions in diesel engines. The soot characteristics of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NO X ) were experimentally investigated using two concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as nano-additives (25 ppm and 40 ppm) blended with C20D (composed of 20% castor oil methyl ester and 80% diesel fuel) and 30% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The combustion of C20D + TiO 2 increases brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 2.8% in comparison with neat C20D, while a significant reduction was obtained in BSFC 6.5% and NO X emissions were maintained at a level parallel with diesel. The results indicated that the technique involving a high EGR rate and the addition of 25 ppm and 40 ppm of TiO 2 nanoparticles to the C20D exhibits better reductions in NO X emissions by 17.34% and 21.83%, respectively, compared to the technique comprising the use of C20D + TiO 2 and C20D. The reduction in the total concentration of PM via the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles to the C20D was 26.74% greater than neat C20D and diesel. In contrast, the incorporation of a high rate of EGR with C20D +TiO 2 increased the PM concentrations by 16.85% compared to the technique without EGR. Furthermore, the high concentrations of TiO 2 nanoparticles (40 ppm) in the C20D produced 19 nm smaller soot nanoparticles compared to the 23 nm larger soot nanoparticles produced from the low concentrations of TiO 2 nanoparticles (25 ppm) added into the C20D. The current investigation reveals that the reduction in NO X emissions and the production of soot nanoparticles notably improved due to the synergic effect of EGR, the TiO 2 nanoparticles, and biodiesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed A. Fayad & Mohammed Sobhi & Miqdam T. Chaichan & Tawfik Badawy & Wisam Essmat Abdul-Lateef & Hayder A. Dhahad & Talal Yusaf & Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak & Mohd S. Takriff & Ahmed A. Al-Amiery, 2023. "Reducing Soot Nanoparticles and NO X Emissions in CRDI Diesel Engine by Incorporating TiO 2 Nano-Additives into Biodiesel Blends and Using High Rate of EGR," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3921-:d:1140488
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3921/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3921/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Agarwal, Deepak & Singh, Shrawan Kumar & Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, 2011. "Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on performance, emissions, deposits and durability of a constant speed compression ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(8), pages 2900-2907, August.
    2. Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Abedin, M.J. & Sanjid, A. & Rahman, Md. Mofijur, 2014. "Assessing idling effects on a compression ignition engine fueled with Jatropha and Palm biodiesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 644-650.
    3. Hwang, Joonsik & Qi, Donghui & Jung, Yongjin & Bae, Choongsik, 2014. "Effect of injection parameters on the combustion and emission characteristics in a common-rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 9-17.
    4. Jun Cong Ge & Nag Jung Choi, 2020. "Soot Particle Size Distribution, Regulated and Unregulated Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, November.
    5. Magno, Agnese & Mancaruso, Ezio & Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, 2016. "Analysis of combustion phenomena and pollutant formation in a small compression ignition engine fuelled with blended and pure rapeseed methyl ester," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 618-630.
    6. Venu, Harish & Subramani, Lingesan & Raju, V. Dhana, 2019. "Emission reduction in a DI diesel engine using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of palm biodiesel blended with TiO2 nano additives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 245-263.
    7. Bhawna Yadav Lamba & Wei-Hsin Chen, 2022. "Experimental Investigation of Biodiesel Blends with High-Speed Diesels—A Comprehensive Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-15, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gharehghani, Ayatallah & Mirsalim, Mostafa & Hosseini, Reza, 2017. "Effects of waste fish oil biodiesel on diesel engine combustion characteristics and emission," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 930-936.
    2. Nguyen Xuan Khoa & Ocktaeck Lim, 2022. "A Review of the External and Internal Residual Exhaust Gas in the Internal Combustion Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Sanjid, A. & Abedin, M.J., 2014. "Assessment of emission and performance of compression ignition engine with varying injection timing," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 221-230.
    4. Huang, Haozhong & Wang, Qingxin & Shi, Cheng & Liu, Qingsheng & Zhou, Chengzhong, 2016. "Comparative study of effects of pilot injection and fuel properties on low temperature combustion in diesel engine under a medium EGR rate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1194-1208.
    5. Nagaraja, S. & Dsilva Winfred Rufuss, D. & Hossain, A.K., 2020. "Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel – Graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their Utilisation in a compression ignition engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 830-841.
    6. Tamilselvan, P. & Nallusamy, N. & Rajkumar, S., 2017. "A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1134-1159.
    7. S. M. Ashrafur Rahman & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. F. M. A. Zamri, 2021. "State-of-the-Art of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engine Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-24, March.
    8. Jagtap, Sharad P. & Pawar, Anand N. & Lahane, Subhash, 2020. "Improving the usability of biodiesel blend in low heat rejection diesel engine through combustion, performance and emission analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 628-644.
    9. Babu, D. & Karvembu, R. & Anand, R., 2018. "Impact of split injection strategy on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel fuelled common rail direct injection assisted diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 577-592.
    10. Li, Hao & Song, Chonglin & Lv, Gang & Pang, Huating & Qiao, Yuehan, 2017. "Assessment of the impact of post-injection on exhaust pollutants emitted from a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 924-933.
    11. Solmaz, Hamit & Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad Safieddin & Calam, Alper & Yılmaz, Emre & İpci, Duygu, 2021. "Prediction of performance and exhaust emissions of a CI engine fueled with multi-wall carbon nanotube doped biodiesel-diesel blends using response surface method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    12. Gavaskar, T. & Ramanan M, Venkata & Arun, K. & Arivazhagan, S., 2023. "The combined effect of green synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots blended jackfruit seed biodiesel and acetylene gas tested on the dual fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    13. Khoa, Nguyen Xuan & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2019. "The effects of combustion duration on residual gas, effective release energy, engine power and engine emissions characteristics of the motorcycle engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 54-63.
    14. Hirner, Felix Sebastian & Hwang, Joonsik & Bae, Choongsik & Patel, Chetankumar & Gupta, Tarun & Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, 2019. "Performance and emission evaluation of a small-bore biodiesel compression-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 971-982.
    15. Tadeusz Dziubak & Sebastian Dominik Dziubak, 2022. "A Study on the Effect of Inlet Air Pollution on the Engine Component Wear and Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-50, February.
    16. Ji, Changwei & Wang, Shuofeng & Zhang, Bo, 2012. "Performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine under various operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 584-589.
    17. Sergejus Lebedevas & Laurencas Raslavičius, 2021. "Prognostic Assessment of the Performance Parameters for the Industrial Diesel Engines Operated with Microalgae Oil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, June.
    18. Wang, Dawei & Shi, Lei & Zhu, Sipeng & Liu, Bo & Qian, Yuehua & Deng, Kangyao, 2020. "Numerical and thermodynamic study on effects of high and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation on turbocharged marine low-speed engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    19. Jaliliantabar, Farzad & Ghobadian, Barat & Carlucci, Antonio Paolo & Najafi, Gholamhassan & Mamat, Rizalman & Ficarella, Antonio & Strafella, Luciano & Santino, Angelo & De Domenico, Stefania, 2020. "A comprehensive study on the effect of pilot injection, EGR rate, IMEP and biodiesel characteristics on a CRDI diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    20. Zhu, Dengting & Zheng, Xinqian, 2019. "Fuel consumption and emission characteristics in asymmetric twin-scroll turbocharged diesel engine with two exhaust gas recirculation circuits," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 985-995.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3921-:d:1140488. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.