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Multi-Agent-Based Controller for Microgrids: An Overview and Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Necmi Altin

    (Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey)

  • Süleyman Emre Eyimaya

    (Department of Electronics and Automation, TUSAS-Kazan Vocational School, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey)

  • Adel Nasiri

    (Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina (USC), Columbia, SC 29208, USA)

Abstract

A microgrid can be defined as a grid of interconnected distributed energy resources, loads and energy storage systems. In microgrid systems containing renewable energy resources, the coordinated operation of distributed generation units is important to ensure the stability of the microgrid. A microgrid needs a successful control scheme to achieve its design goals. Undesirable situations such as distorted voltage profile and frequency fluctuations are significantly reduced by installing the appropriate hardware such as energy storage systems, and control strategies. The multi-agent system is one of the approaches used to control microgrids. The application of multi-agent systems in electric power systems is becoming popular because of their inherent benefits such as autonomy, responsiveness, and social ability. This study provides an overview of the agent concept and multi-agent systems, as well as reviews of recent research studies on multi-agent systems’ application in microgrid control systems. In addition, a multi-agent-based controller and energy management system design is proposed for the DC microgrid in the study. The designed microgrid is composed of a photovoltaic system consisting of 30 series-connected PV modules, a wind turbine, a synchronous generator, a battery-based energy storage system, critical and non-critical DC loads, the grid and the control system. The microgrid is controlled by the designed multi-agent-based controller. The proposed multi-agent-based controller has a distributed generation agent, battery agent, load agent and grid agent. The roles of each agent and communication among the agents are designed properly and coordinated to achieve control goals, which basically are the DC bus voltage quality and system stability. The designed microgrid and proposed multi-agent-based controller are tested for two different scenarios, and the performance of the controller has been verified with MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed controller provides constant DC voltage for any operation condition. Additionally, the system stability is ensured with the proposed controller for variable renewable generation and variable load conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Necmi Altin & Süleyman Emre Eyimaya & Adel Nasiri, 2023. "Multi-Agent-Based Controller for Microgrids: An Overview and Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:5:p:2445-:d:1087454
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hirsch, Adam & Parag, Yael & Guerrero, Josep, 2018. "Microgrids: A review of technologies, key drivers, and outstanding issues," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 402-411.
    2. Stennikov, Valery & Barakhtenko, Evgeny & Mayorov, Gleb & Sokolov, Dmitry & Zhou, Bin, 2022. "Coordinated management of centralized and distributed generation in an integrated energy system using a multi-agent approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    3. Dante I. Tapia & Juan M. Corchado, 2009. "An Ambient Intelligence Based Multi-Agent System for Alzheimer Health Care," International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence (IJACI), IGI Global, vol. 1(1), pages 15-26, January.
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