IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i5p2104-d1075983.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence of Battery Energy, Charging Power, and Charging Locations upon EVs’ Ability to Meet Trip Needs

Author

Listed:
  • Willett Kempton

    (Center for Research in Wind, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA)

  • Nathaniel S. Pearre

    (Center for Research in Wind, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
    Renewable Energy Storage Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada)

  • Randall Guensler

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA)

  • Vetri V. Elango

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
    Google LLC, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA)

Abstract

One year of high-resolution driving data from a sample of 333 instrumented gasoline passenger vehicles are used to create a trip inventory of U.S. vehicle travel requirements. A set of electric vehicles (EVs) is modeled, differing in battery size (kWh), recharging power (kW), and locations for charging when parked. Each modeled EV’s remaining energy is tracked while traversing the entire sample’s trip inventory in order to estimate how well each EV meets all U.S. driving requirements. The capital cost of refueling infrastructure is estimated per car, for gasoline and for each analyzed combination of charging station locations. We develop three metrics of the ability of different EV characteristics to meet trip requirements: the percentage of trips successfully met by each modeled EV, the number of days that the driver must “adapt” EV use to meet more demanding trip requirements, and the total driver time required for refueling. We also segment the market of trip patterns per car, finding that 25% to 37% of the vehicle population could meet all their drivers’ trip needs with a smaller-battery EV combined with community charging. This potential combination of EVs and charging would enable lower-price EVs and lower-cost recharging power, and would broaden EV availability to groups for whom today’s EVs and charging configurations are less accessible.

Suggested Citation

  • Willett Kempton & Nathaniel S. Pearre & Randall Guensler & Vetri V. Elango, 2023. "Influence of Battery Energy, Charging Power, and Charging Locations upon EVs’ Ability to Meet Trip Needs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:5:p:2104-:d:1075983
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2104/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/5/2104/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wei Wei & Sankaran Ramakrishnan & Zachary A. Needell & Jessika E. Trancik, 2021. "Personal vehicle electrification and charging solutions for high-energy days," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 105-114, January.
    2. Turrentine, Thomas & Kurani, Kenneth, 1995. "The Household Market for Electric Vehicles: Testing the Hybrid Household Hypothesis--A Reflively Designed Survey of New-car-buying, Multi-vehicle California Households," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5xp5h6xc, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    3. Kurani, Kenneth & Turrentine, Thomas & Sperling, Daniel, 1996. "Testing Electric Vehicle Demand in `Hybrid Households' Using a Reflexive Survey," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt0sb956wq, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    4. Shi, Xiao & Pan, Jian & Wang, Hewu & Cai, Hua, 2019. "Battery electric vehicles: What is the minimum range required?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 352-358.
    5. Hidrue, Michael K. & Parsons, George R. & Kempton, Willett & Gardner, Meryl P., 2011. "Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and their attributes," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 686-705, September.
    6. Zachary A. Needell & James McNerney & Michael T. Chang & Jessika E. Trancik, 2016. "Potential for widespread electrification of personal vehicle travel in the United States," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(9), pages 1-7, September.
    7. Plötz, Patrick & Jakobsson, Niklas & Sprei, Frances, 2017. "On the distribution of individual daily driving distances," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 213-227.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sprei, Frances & Kempton, Willett, 2024. "Mental models guide electric vehicle charging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eunsung Kim & Eunnyeong Heo, 2019. "Key Drivers behind the Adoption of Electric Vehicle in Korea: An Analysis of the Revealed Preferences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Petschnig, Martin & Heidenreich, Sven & Spieth, Patrick, 2014. "Innovative alternatives take action – Investigating determinants of alternative fuel vehicle adoption," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 68-83.
    3. Axsen, Jonn & Kurani, Kenneth S., 2013. "Hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or electric—What do car buyers want?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 532-543.
    4. Tamara L. Sheldon & J. R. DeShazo & Richard T. Carson, 2017. "Electric And Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Demand: Lessons For An Emerging Market," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 55(2), pages 695-713, April.
    5. Makena Coffman & Paul Bernstein & Sherilyn Wee, 2017. "Electric vehicles revisited: a review of factors that affect adoption," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 79-93, January.
    6. Wee, Sherilyn & Coffman, Makena & Allen, Scott, 2020. "EV driver characteristics: Evidence from Hawaii," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 33-40.
    7. Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo, 2019. "Who will buy electric vehicles after early adopters? Using machine learning to identify the electric vehicle mainstream market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 243-254.
    8. Hardman, Scott & Shiu, Eric & Steinberger-Wilckens, Robert, 2016. "Comparing high-end and low-end early adopters of battery electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 40-57.
    9. Kathrin Dudenhöffer, 2013. "Why electric vehicles failed," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 95-124, July.
    10. Parsons, George R. & Hidrue, Michael K. & Kempton, Willett & Gardner, Meryl P., 2014. "Willingness to pay for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) electric vehicles and their contract terms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 313-324.
    11. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    12. Anders Jensen & Elisabetta Cherchi & Juan Dios Ortúzar, 2014. "A long panel survey to elicit variation in preferences and attitudes in the choice of electric vehicles," Transportation, Springer, vol. 41(5), pages 973-993, September.
    13. Siobhan Powell & Gustavo Vianna Cezar & Liang Min & Inês M. L. Azevedo & Ram Rajagopal, 2022. "Charging infrastructure access and operation to reduce the grid impacts of deep electric vehicle adoption," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(10), pages 932-945, October.
    14. Dimitropoulos, Alexandros & Rietveld, Piet & van Ommeren, Jos N., 2013. "Consumer valuation of changes in driving range: A meta-analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 27-45.
    15. Wolinetz, Michael & Axsen, Jonn, 2017. "How policy can build the plug-in electric vehicle market: Insights from the REspondent-based Preference And Constraints (REPAC) model," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 238-250.
    16. Hidrue, Michael K. & Parsons, George R., 2015. "Is there a near-term market for vehicle-to-grid electric vehicles?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 67-76.
    17. O. Y. Edelenbosch & A. F. Hof & B. Nykvist & B. Girod & D. P. Vuuren, 2018. "Transport electrification: the effect of recent battery cost reduction on future emission scenarios," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 151(2), pages 95-108, November.
    18. Hardman, Scott & Shiu, Eric & Steinberger-Wilckens, Robert & Turrentine, Thomas, 2017. "Barriers to the adoption of fuel cell vehicles: A qualitative investigation into early adopters attitudes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 166-182.
    19. Tu, Wei & Santi, Paolo & Zhao, Tianhong & He, Xiaoyi & Li, Qingquan & Dong, Lei & Wallington, Timothy J. & Ratti, Carlo, 2019. "Acceptability, energy consumption, and costs of electric vehicle for ride-hailing drivers in Beijing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 147-160.
    20. Tamara L. Sheldon & J. R. DeShazo & Richard T. Carson, 2019. "Demand for Green Refueling Infrastructure," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 74(1), pages 131-157, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:5:p:2104-:d:1075983. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.