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Application of Capacitive Deionization in Water Treatment and Energy Recovery: A Review

Author

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  • Shenxu Bao

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Chunfu Xin

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Yimin Zhang

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan 430070, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
    Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High Efficient Utilization of Vanadium Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China)

  • Bo Chen

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Wei Ding

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Yongpeng Luo

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

Abstract

Water resources are the basis for human survival and development. However, human beings face severe challenges of water pollution and freshwater shortage. With the critical advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, low cost, green and pollution-free, and renewable electrodes, capacitive deionization (CDI) has become an up-and-coming water treatment technology. After decades of development, the application of CDI has expanded from seawater desalination to many fields. However, the existing literature still needs a comprehensive overview of the multi-functional application of CDI technology in water treatment. Therefore, our work critically reviewed the latest research progress of CDI in water treatment to meet the technical requirements of various application fields. This paper first summarizes the various applications of CDI in water treatment, focusing on CDI’s representative research results in heavy metal removal, organic contaminants removal, water softening, phosphate and nitrate removal, and water disinfection. In addition, we also discussed the latest research progress of energy recovery and energy consumption assessment for the CDI process. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and future opportunities facing CDI technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Shenxu Bao & Chunfu Xin & Yimin Zhang & Bo Chen & Wei Ding & Yongpeng Luo, 2023. "Application of Capacitive Deionization in Water Treatment and Energy Recovery: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1136-:d:1041796
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andres, Ginno L. & Yoshihara, Yoshinobu, 2016. "A capacitive deionization system with high energy recovery and effective re-use," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 605-617.
    2. Wei Huang & Yimin Zhang & Shenxu Bao & Shaoxian Song, 2013. "Desalination By Capacitive Deionization With Carbon-Based Materials As Electrode: A Review," Surface Review and Letters (SRL), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(06), pages 1-10.
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