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A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement Using Binary Firefly Algorithm

Author

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  • Onkemetse Tshenyego

    (Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana)

  • Ravi Samikannu

    (Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana)

  • Bokani Mtengi

    (Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana)

  • Modisa Mosalaosi

    (Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana)

  • Tshiamo Sigwele

    (Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana)

Abstract

The pursuit of achieving total power network observability in smart grids using Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) carries a significant promise of real-time Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control (WAMPAC). PMU applications eliminate periodical measurements, thereby increasing accuracy through a high sampling rate of the measured power systems quantities. The high costs of installation of PMUs for total power system observability presents a challenge in the implementation of PMUs. This is due to the expensive costs of PMU devices. This has led to a prominent optimal PMU placement (OPP) problem that researchers tirelessly aim to solve by ensuring a complete power network observability while using the least installed PMU devices possible. In this paper, a novel Binary Firefly Algorithm (BFA) based on the node degree centrality scores of each bus is proposed to minimize PMU installations. The BFA solves the OPP problem in consideration of the effect of Zero Injection Buses (ZIBs) under normal operation and single PMU outage (SPO). The robustness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE-approved test systems and visualized with a force-directed technique on an undirected power network graph. The proposed BFA yields the same but better optimal PMU numbers, obtained by existing meta-heuristic optimization techniques found in the literature for each of the IEEE test cases, as well as highlighting the cost–benefit of having a robust system against single PMU loss while considering the ZIB effect for an improved system measurement availability.

Suggested Citation

  • Onkemetse Tshenyego & Ravi Samikannu & Bokani Mtengi & Modisa Mosalaosi & Tshiamo Sigwele, 2023. "A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement Using Binary Firefly Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-30, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:18:p:6550-:d:1238019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Muhammad Musadiq Ahmed & Muhammad Amjad & Muhammad Ali Qureshi & Kashif Imran & Zunaib Maqsood Haider & Muhammad Omer Khan, 2022. "A Critical Review of State-of-the-Art Optimal PMU Placement Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-25, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Murilo Eduardo Casteroba Bento, 2024. "Load Margin Assessment of Power Systems Using Physics-Informed Neural Network with Optimized Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-20, March.

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