IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i16p5911-d1214160.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Improving the Quality of Hydroxyapatite Ashes from the Combustion of Meat-Bone Meal in an Industrial Rotary Kiln

Author

Listed:
  • Zygmunt Kowalski

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-261 Kraków, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Makara

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Generowicz

    (Department of Environmental Technologies, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Józef Ciuła

    (Institute of Engineering, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland)

Abstract

Research on the properties of hydroxyapatite ashes from an industrial unit burning meat and bone meal in an industrial rotary kiln is presented. High carbon content (10%), relatively low phosphorus (34%), and sulfides were found. The ash obtained was unsuitable for producing superphosphate fertilizer due to the emission of hydrogen sulfide in the reaction of the raw material with sulfuric acid. The research showed that decreasing the meat-bone meal calcining temperature below 950 °C and recycling the ashes, reusing them after mixing in a 1:1 ratio with dosed meat and bone meal, allows reducing the carbon content in the hydroxyapatite ash to the level of <0.2%, increases the P 2 O 5 content in the ash to 39%, and eliminates hydrogen sulfide emissions. The improved parameters allow the production of hydroxyapatite ash that could be a substitute for phosphorites used in the production of fertilizers. Incineration of the meat-bone meal allowed the production of bioenergy and hydroxyapatite. This is an example of implementing a very profitable circular economy solution.

Suggested Citation

  • Zygmunt Kowalski & Agnieszka Makara & Agnieszka Generowicz & Józef Ciuła, 2023. "Improving the Quality of Hydroxyapatite Ashes from the Combustion of Meat-Bone Meal in an Industrial Rotary Kiln," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:16:p:5911-:d:1214160
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/16/5911/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/16/5911/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Janusz Bujak & Piotr Sitarz & Magdalena Nakielska, 2020. "Multidimensional Analysis of Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) Incineration Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-9, November.
    2. Zygmunt Kowalski & Magdalena Muradin & Joanna Kulczycka & Agnieszka Makara, 2021. "Comparative Analysis of Meat Bone Meal and Meat Bone Combustion Using the Life Cycle Assessment Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-12, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Janusz Bujak & Piotr Sitarz & Rafał Pasela, 2021. "Possibilities for Reducing CO and TOC Emissions in Thermal Waste Treatment Plants: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-11, May.
    2. Viktoria Mannheim & Judit Lovasné Avató, 2023. "Life-Cycle Assessments of Meat-Free and Meat-Containing Diets by Integrating Sustainability and Lean: Meat-Free Dishes Are Sustainable," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-24, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:16:p:5911-:d:1214160. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.