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Determining the Composition of Carbonate Solvent Systems Used in Lithium-Ion Batteries without Salt Removal

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad Parhizi

    (School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • Louis Edwards Caceres-Martinez

    (School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • Brent A. Modereger

    (Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • Hilkka I. Kenttämaa

    (Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • Gozdem Kilaz

    (School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • Jason K. Ostanek

    (School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, 401 N. Grant St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

Abstract

In this work, two methods were investigated for determining the composition of carbonate solvent systems used in lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery electrolytes. One method was based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/EI TOF MS), which often enables unknown compound identification by their electron ionization (EI) mass spectra. The other method was based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC×GC/FID). Both methods were used to determine the concentrations of six different commonly used carbonates in Li-ion battery electrolytes (i.e., ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and vinylene carbonate (VC) in model compound mixtures (MCMs), single-blind samples (SBS), and a commercially obtained electrolyte solution (COES). Both methods were found to be precise (uncertainty < 5%), accurate (error < 5%), and sensitive (limit of detection <0.12 ppm for FID and <2.7 ppm for MS). Furthermore, unlike the previously reported methods, these methods do not require removing lithium hexafluorophosphate salt (LiPF 6 ) from the sample prior to analysis. Removal of the lithium salt was avoided by diluting the electrolyte solutions prior to analysis (1000-fold dilution) and using minimal sample volumes (0.1 µL) for analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Parhizi & Louis Edwards Caceres-Martinez & Brent A. Modereger & Hilkka I. Kenttämaa & Gozdem Kilaz & Jason K. Ostanek, 2022. "Determining the Composition of Carbonate Solvent Systems Used in Lithium-Ion Batteries without Salt Removal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:8:p:2805-:d:791984
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    Cited by:

    1. Hangning Liu & Lin Wang & Yi Cao & Yingjun Ma & Shan Wang & Jie Wang & Haidong Liu, 2024. "Rational Design of Electrolyte Additives for Improved Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite Anodes: A Study of 1,3,6-Hexanetrinitrile," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-11, July.

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