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The Development of Citizen-Installed Renewable Energy Capacities in Former Eastern Bloc Countries—The Case of Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Valeria Jana Schwanitz

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway
    The Schumacher Institute, The Create Centre, Bristol BS1 6XN, UK)

  • Tadeusz Józef Rudek

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway
    Institute of Sociology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Ul. Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków, Poland)

  • Wit Hubert

    (Institute of Sociology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Ul. Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków, Poland)

  • August Hubert Wierling

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway)

Abstract

We confront empirical data on citizen-led renewable energy capacities in Poland with results obtained from a meta-theoretical, empirical analysis of the national energy system. We elicit and rank essential disabling and enabling factors that explain the current low level of citizen energy in Poland. Altogether, we estimate the contributions of individual and collective prosumers as amounting to about 3.2 GW, with PV installations contributing more than 90%. Most activities are rather recent and come from individual prosumers. The factors with the greatest explanatory power are connected with decades of a rigid, centralized Polish energy system going hand in hand with social, regulatory, and technical lock-ins. Strikingly, factors connected with the heritage of, and transition from, the socialist period are less important, but they do explain why substantially more contributions originate from individuals compared to collective prosumers. Our results show that the currently rather small size of citizen-installed renewable capacities and the modest number of collective initiatives in Poland are due to several barriers. This paper summarizes them and provides a novel scientific method of ranking enabling and disabling factors. This approach might be helpful for policymakers and social actors, seeking an answer to the perspectives of development of citizen-installed renewable energy capacities in Poland and other former Eastern Bloc countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Valeria Jana Schwanitz & Tadeusz Józef Rudek & Wit Hubert & August Hubert Wierling, 2022. "The Development of Citizen-Installed Renewable Energy Capacities in Former Eastern Bloc Countries—The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-29, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:2597-:d:785728
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    References listed on IDEAS

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