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Available Technologies and Commercial Devices to Harvest Energy by Human Trampling in Smart Flooring Systems: A Review

Author

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  • Paolo Visconti

    (Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
    Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes 20290, Mexico)

  • Laura Bagordo

    (Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Ramiro Velázquez

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes 20290, Mexico)

  • Donato Cafagna

    (Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Roberto De Fazio

    (Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
    Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes 20290, Mexico)

Abstract

Technological innovation has increased the global demand for electrical power and energy. Accordingly, energy harvesting has become a research area of primary interest for the scientific community and companies because it constitutes a sustainable way to collect energy from various sources. In particular, kinetic energy generated from human walking or vehicle movements on smart energy floors represents a promising research topic. This paper aims to analyze the state-of-art of smart energy harvesting floors to determine the best solution to feed a lighting system and charging columns. In particular, the fundamentals of the main harvesting mechanisms applicable in this field (i.e., piezoelectric, electromagnetic, triboelectric, and relative hybrids) are discussed. Moreover, an overview of scientific works related to energy harvesting floors is presented, focusing on the architectures of the developed tiles, the transduction mechanism, and the output performances. Finally, a survey of the commercial energy harvesting floors proposed by companies and startups is reported. From the carried-out analysis, we concluded that the piezoelectric transduction mechanism represents the optimal solution for designing smart energy floors, given their compactness, high efficiency, and absence of moving parts.

Suggested Citation

  • Paolo Visconti & Laura Bagordo & Ramiro Velázquez & Donato Cafagna & Roberto De Fazio, 2022. "Available Technologies and Commercial Devices to Harvest Energy by Human Trampling in Smart Flooring Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-38, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:432-:d:720087
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roberto de Fazio & Donato Cafagna & Giorgio Marcuccio & Alessandro Minerba & Paolo Visconti, 2020. "A Multi-Source Harvesting System Applied to Sensor-Based Smart Garments for Monitoring Workers’ Bio-Physical Parameters in Harsh Environments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-33, May.
    2. Roberto de Fazio & Donato Cafagna & Giorgio Marcuccio & Paolo Visconti, 2020. "Limitations and Characterization of Energy Storage Devices for Harvesting Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Lin Xu & Md Al Mahadi Hasan & Heting Wu & Ya Yang, 2021. "Electromagnetic–Triboelectric Hybridized Nanogenerators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-27, September.
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    1. Roberto De Fazio & Mariangela De Giorgi & Donato Cafagna & Carolina Del-Valle-Soto & Paolo Visconti, 2023. "Energy Harvesting Technologies and Devices from Vehicular Transit and Natural Sources on Roads for a Sustainable Transport: State-of-the-Art Analysis and Commercial Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-46, March.

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