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An Investigation on the Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Orange Production in Turkey

Author

Listed:
  • Burak Saltuk

    (Department of Biosystem Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07425, Turkey)

  • Barbara Jagosz

    (Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland)

  • Osman Gökdoğan

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Science, Isparta 32260, Turkey)

  • Roman Rolbiecki

    (Department of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Atılgan Atilgan

    (Department of Biosystem Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07425, Turkey)

  • Stanisław Rolbiecki

    (Department of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

Abstract

In agricultural production, it is important to determine where input usage saving can be implemented by taking energy use into consideration and to analyze the greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural activities. This study has been conducted to review orange ( Citrus sinensis L.) production in terms of energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study was carried out during the 2015/2016 production season in Adana, a province in Turkey. Energy balance and GHG emissions have been defined by calculating the inputs and outputs of agricultural nature used in orange production. The findings of the study indicate that the distribution of energy inputs in orange production are 11,880 MJ ha −1 (34.10%) of electricity, 10,079.75 MJ ha −1 (28.93%) of chemical fertilizer energy, 7630 MJ ha −1 (21.90%) of chemical energy, 3052 MJ ha −1 (8.76%) of diesel fuel energy, 1348.91 MJ ha −1 (3.87%) of human labor energy, 378 MJ ha −1 (1.09%) of irrigation water energy, 351.22 MJ ha −1 (1.01%) of machinery energy and 118.80 MJ ha −1 (0.34%) of lime energy. In total, input energy (IE) in orange production has been calculated as 34,838.68 MJ ha −1 and the output energy (OE) has been calculated as 95,000 MJ ha −1 . Energy use efficiency (EUE), specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP) and net energy (NE) have been calculated as 2.73, 0.70 MJ kg −1 , 1.44 kg MJ −1 and 60,161.32 MJ ha −1 , respectively. The total energy input in the production of oranges was divided into: 47.82% direct, 52.18% indirect, 4.96% from renewable sources and 95.04% from non-renewable sources. The GHG emissions figure for orange production was 3794.26 kg CO 2–eq ha −1 , with electricity having the greatest share, 1983.96 (52.29%); the GHG ratio was 0.08 kg CO 2–eq kg −1 . According to the results, the production of orange was considered to be profitable in terms of EUE.

Suggested Citation

  • Burak Saltuk & Barbara Jagosz & Osman Gökdoğan & Roman Rolbiecki & Atılgan Atilgan & Stanisław Rolbiecki, 2022. "An Investigation on the Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Orange Production in Turkey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8591-:d:974886
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yekimov Sergiy, 2023. "Study of the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural production Czech Republic," Papers 2305.13253, arXiv.org.

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