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Overview of Consensus Protocol and Its Application to Microgrid Control

Author

Listed:
  • Daniele Ferreira

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
    Department of Electric Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Sidelmo Silva

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Waner Silva

    (Instituto de Ciências Tecnológicas (ICT), Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itabira 35903-087, Brazil)

  • Danilo Brandao

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil)

  • Gilbert Bergna

    (Department of Electric Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Elisabetta Tedeschi

    (Department of Electric Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
    Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy)

Abstract

Different control strategies for microgrid applications have been developed in the last decade. In order to enhance flexibility, scalability and reliability, special attention has been given to control organisations based on distributed communication infrastructures. Among these strategies, the implementation of consensus protocol stands out to cooperatively steer multi-agent systems (i.e., distributed generators), which is justified by its benefits, such as plug and play capability and enhanced resilience against communication failures. However, as the consensus protocol has a long trajectory of development in different areas of knowledge including multidisciplinary subjects, it may be a challenge to collect all the relevant information for its application in an emerging field. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to provide the fundamentals of multi-agent systems and consensus protocol to the electrical engineering community, and an overview of its application to control systems for microgrids. The fundamentals of consensus protocol herein cover the concepts, formulations, steady-state and stability analysis for leaderless and leader-following consensus problems, in both continuous- and discrete-time. The overview of the applications summarises the main contributions achieved with this technique in the literature concerning microgrids, as well as the associated challenges and trends.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniele Ferreira & Sidelmo Silva & Waner Silva & Danilo Brandao & Gilbert Bergna & Elisabetta Tedeschi, 2022. "Overview of Consensus Protocol and Its Application to Microgrid Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-35, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8536-:d:973291
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li Yu & Di Shi & Guangyue Xu & Xiaobin Guo & Zhen Jiang & Chaoyang Jing, 2018. "Consensus Control of Distributed Energy Resources in a Multi-Bus Microgrid for Reactive Power Sharing and Voltage Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
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    4. Jie Ma & Xiandong Ma & Suzana Ilic, 2019. "HVAC-Based Cooperative Algorithms for Demand Side Management in a Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Xianyong Zhang & Yaohong Huang & Li Li & Wei-Chang Yeh, 2018. "Power and Capacity Consensus Tracking of Distributed Battery Storage Systems in Modular Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-25, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed Sulaiman Alsafran, 2023. "A Feasibility Study of Implementing IEEE 1547 and IEEE 2030 Standards for Microgrid in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Alexander Micallef & Josep M. Guerrero & Juan C. Vasquez, 2023. "New Horizons for Microgrids: From Rural Electrification to Space Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-25, February.

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