IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i19p7316-d933881.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Financial Inclusion on the Efficiency of Carbon Emissions: Evidence from 30 Provinces in China

Author

Listed:
  • Xu Zhang

    (School of Economics, École Polytechnique, 91120 Paris, France)

  • Huaping Sun

    (School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center for Emissions Trading System Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China
    School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Taohong Wang

    (School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

Abstract

Carbon emissions have become a serious environmental problem worldwide, with the greenhouse effect and global temperature increase being the main areas of concern. Financial inclusion is a means to increase the welfare of citizens and promote sustainable development. Development of financial inclusion may have a big impact on carbon emissions. This study uses data from 2011 to 2019 to do panel Tobit regression and check the effect of financial inclusion on the efficiency of carbon emissions, which is calculated by the super-efficiency Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) -data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. The results show that financial inclusion decreases the efficiency of carbon emissions. Moreover, financial inclusion could reduce the efficiency of carbon emissions by increasing the proportion of tertiary industries. Moreover, the effect varies in each region. Thus, following these conclusions, we propose several related policy implications. The government should strengthen the supervision of money due to financial inclusion and ensure that the investment should be put into environmental projects. In addition, it needs to pay attention to carbon emissions generated in the process of industrial upgrading. More access to renewable energy is an effective measure to solve the problem of higher carbon dioxide emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu Zhang & Huaping Sun & Taohong Wang, 2022. "Impact of Financial Inclusion on the Efficiency of Carbon Emissions: Evidence from 30 Provinces in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7316-:d:933881
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7316/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7316/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alfred Hannig & Stefan Jansen, 2010. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability : Current Policy Issues," Finance Working Papers 23124, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    2. Fungáčová, Zuzana & Weill, Laurent, 2015. "Understanding financial inclusion in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 196-206.
    3. Lingui Qin & Syed Raheem & Muntasir Murshed & Xu Miao & Zeeshan Khan & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "Does financial inclusion limit carbon dioxide emissions? Analyzing the role of globalization and renewable electricity output," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(6), pages 1138-1154, November.
    4. Nordhaus, William D, 1991. "To Slow or Not to Slow: The Economics of the Greenhouse Effect," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 101(407), pages 920-937, July.
    5. Peter J. Morgan & Victor Pontines, 2014. "Financial Stability and Financial Inclusion," Microeconomics Working Papers 24278, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    6. Dong, Jiajia & Dou, Yue & Jiang, Qingzhe & Zhao, Jun, 2022. "Can financial inclusion facilitate carbon neutrality in China? The role of energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    7. Tamazian, Artur & Bhaskara Rao, B., 2010. "Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 137-145, January.
    8. Yiru Guo & Yan Hu & Ke Shi & Yuriy Bilan, 2020. "Valuation of Water Resource Green Efficiency Based on SBM–TOBIT Panel Model: Case Study from Henan Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-17, August.
    9. Sheng, Pengfei & Li, Jun & Zhai, Mengxin & Huang, Shoujun, 2020. "Coupling of economic growth and reduction in carbon emissions at the efficiency level: Evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    10. Edziah, Bless Kofi & Sun, Huaping & Adom, Philip Kofi & Wang, Feng & Agyemang, Andrew Osei, 2022. "The role of exogenous technological factors and renewable energy in carbon dioxide emission reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 1418-1428.
    11. Charfeddine, Lanouar & Kahia, Montassar, 2019. "Impact of renewable energy consumption and financial development on CO2 emissions and economic growth in the MENA region: A panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 198-213.
    12. Cline, William R, 1991. "Scientific Basis for the Greenhouse Effect," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 101(407), pages 904-919, July.
    13. Long, Ruyin & Shao, Tianxiang & Chen, Hong, 2016. "Spatial econometric analysis of China’s province-level industrial carbon productivity and its influencing factors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 210-219.
    14. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    15. Le, Thai-Ha & Le, Ha-Chi & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2020. "Does financial inclusion impact CO2 emissions? Evidence from Asia," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
    16. Philip Mader, 2018. "Contesting Financial Inclusion," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 49(2), pages 461-483, March.
    17. Zhou, P. & Ang, B.W. & Han, J.Y., 2010. "Total factor carbon emission performance: A Malmquist index analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 194-201, January.
    18. Yao, Xin & Guo, Chengwen & Shao, Shuai & Jiang, Zhujun, 2016. "Total-factor CO2 emission performance of China’s provincial industrial sector: A meta-frontier non-radial Malmquist index approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1142-1153.
    19. Hannig, Alfred & Jansen, Stefan, 2010. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability: Current Policy Issues," ADBI Working Papers 259, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    20. Sadorsky, Perry, 2014. "The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 147-153.
    21. Chi-Hong (Patrick) Tsai & Corinne Mulley & Rico Merkert, 2015. "Measuring the Cost Efficiency of Urban Rail Systems An International Comparison Using DEA and Tobit Models," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 49(1), pages 17-34, January.
    22. Tamazian, Artur & Chousa, Juan Piñeiro & Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya, 2009. "Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: Evidence from BRIC countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 246-253, January.
    23. Chun Jiang & Xiaoxin Ma, 2019. "The Impact of Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: A Global Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-22, September.
    24. W. Cooper & Shanling Li & L. Seiford & Kaoru Tone & R. Thrall & J. Zhu, 2001. "Sensitivity and Stability Analysis in DEA: Some Recent Developments," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 217-246, May.
    25. A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper & E. Rhodes, 1981. "Evaluating Program and Managerial Efficiency: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Program Follow Through," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 27(6), pages 668-697, June.
    26. Khan, Samiha & Murshed, Muntasir & Ozturk, Ilhan & Khudoykulov, Khurshid, 2022. "The roles of energy efficiency improvement, renewable electricity production, and financial inclusion in stimulating environmental sustainability in the Next Eleven countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 1164-1176.
    27. Tone, Kaoru, 2002. "A slacks-based measure of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 32-41, November.
    28. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Solarin, Sakiru Adebola & Mahmood, Haider & Arouri, Mohamed, 2013. "Does financial development reduce CO2 emissions in Malaysian economy? A time series analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 145-152.
    29. Scheraga, Carl A., 2004. "Operational efficiency versus financial mobility in the global airline industry: a data envelopment and Tobit analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 383-404, June.
    30. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Golany, B. & Seiford, L. & Stutz, J., 1985. "Foundations of data envelopment analysis for Pareto-Koopmans efficient empirical production functions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1-2), pages 91-107.
    31. R. D. Banker & A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper, 1984. "Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(9), pages 1078-1092, September.
    32. Renzhi, Nuobu & Baek, Yong Jun, 2020. "Can financial inclusion be an effective mitigation measure? evidence from panel data analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    33. Chen, Nengcheng & Xu, Lei & Chen, Zeqiang, 2017. "Environmental efficiency analysis of the Yangtze River Economic Zone using super efficiency data envelopment analysis (SEDEA) and tobit models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 659-671.
    34. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Li, Jiaman & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Kangyin, 2022. "How financial inclusion affects the collaborative reduction of pollutant and carbon emissions: The case of China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    35. Boutabba, Mohamed Amine, 2014. "The impact of financial development, income, energy and trade on carbon emissions: Evidence from the Indian economy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 33-41.
    36. Tone, Kaoru, 2001. "A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(3), pages 498-509, May.
    37. Stijn Claessens & Erik Feijen, 2006. "Financial Sector Development and the Millennium Development Goals," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7145.
    38. Mazzarino, Marco, 2000. "The economics of the greenhouse effect: evaluating the climate change impact due to the transport sector in Italy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(13), pages 957-966, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hela Borgi & Fatma Mabrouk & Jihen Bousrih & Mohamed Mehdi Mekni, 2023. "Environmental Change and Inclusive Finance: Does Governance Quality Matter for African Countries?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Peng, Hua-Rong & Zhang, Yue-Jun & Liu, Jing-Yue, 2023. "The energy rebound effect of digital development: Evidence from 285 cities in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Seyi Saint Akadiri & Ilham Haouas & Husam Rjoub, 2023. "A Time-Varying Analysis between Financial Development and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the MINT countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(5), pages 1207-1227, August.
    2. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Li, Jiaman & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Kangyin, 2022. "How financial inclusion affects the collaborative reduction of pollutant and carbon emissions: The case of China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    3. Mai, Nhat Chi, 2015. "Efficiency of the banking system in Vietnam under financial liberalization," OSF Preprints qsf6d, Center for Open Science.
    4. Seemab Ahmad & Dilawar Khan & Róbert Magda, 2022. "Assessing the Influence of Financial Inclusion on Environmental Degradation in the ASEAN Region through the Panel PMG-ARDL Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Chang, Lei & Iqbal, Sajid & Chen, Huangen, 2023. "Does financial inclusion index and energy performance index co-move?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    6. Khezri, Mohsen & Karimi, Mohammad Sharif & Khan, Y.A. & Abbas, S.Z., 2021. "The spillover of financial development on CO2 emission: A spatial econometric analysis of Asia-Pacific countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    7. Cook, Wade D. & Seiford, Larry M., 2009. "Data envelopment analysis (DEA) - Thirty years on," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 192(1), pages 1-17, January.
    8. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Destek, Mehmet Akif & Dong, Kangyin & Jiao, Zhilun, 2021. "Time-varying impact of financial development on carbon emissions in G-7 countries: Evidence from the long history," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    9. Ogede Jimoh S. & Tiamiyu Hammed O., 2023. "Does Financial Inclusion Moderate CO2 Emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence From Panel Data Analysis," Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series, Sciendo, vol. 33(3), pages 21-36, September.
    10. Yu Zhou & Caijiang Zhang & Zhangwen Li, 2023. "The impact of digital financial inclusion on household carbon emissions: evidence from China," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 12(1), pages 1-21, December.
    11. Lampe, Hannes W. & Hilgers, Dennis, 2015. "Trajectories of efficiency measurement: A bibliometric analysis of DEA and SFA," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 240(1), pages 1-21.
    12. Acheampong, Alex O., 2019. "Modelling for insight: Does financial development improve environmental quality?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 156-179.
    13. Bolós, V.J. & Benítez, R. & Coll-Serrano, V., 2024. "Chance constrained directional models in stochastic data envelopment analysis," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 12(C).
    14. Vicente J. Bolós & Rafael Benítez & Vicente Coll-Serrano, 2023. "Continuous models combining slacks-based measures of efficiency and super-efficiency," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 31(2), pages 363-391, June.
    15. Yung-ho Chiu & Chin-wei Huang & Chung-te Ting, 2012. "A non-radial measure of different systems for Taiwanese tourist hotels’ efficiency assessment," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 20(1), pages 45-63, March.
    16. Tran, Trung Hieu & Mao, Yong & Nathanail, Paul & Siebers, Peer-Olaf & Robinson, Darren, 2019. "Integrating slacks-based measure of efficiency and super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 156-165.
    17. Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal & Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan & Ali, Qamar, 2019. "Nexus between financial development, tourism, renewable energy, and greenhouse gas emission in high-income countries: A continent-wise analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 293-310.
    18. Liang-Han Ma & Jin-Chi Hsieh & Yung-Ho Chiu, 2020. "Comparing regional differences in global energy performance," Energy & Environment, , vol. 31(6), pages 943-960, September.
    19. Nocera Alves Junior, Paulo & Costa Melo, Isotilia & de Moraes Santos, Rodrigo & da Rocha, Fernando Vinícius & Caixeta-Filho, José Vicente, 2022. "How did COVID-19 affect green-fuel supply chain? - A performance analysis of Brazilian ethanol sector," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    20. Chen, Chien-Ming, 2013. "Super efficiencies or super inefficiencies? Insights from a joint computation model for slacks-based measures in DEA," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 226(2), pages 258-267.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7316-:d:933881. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.