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Cluster Analysis of the EU-27 Countries in Light of the Guiding Principles of the European Green Deal, with Particular Emphasis on Poland

Author

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  • Aurelia Rybak

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Aleksandra Rybak

    (Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Jarosław Joostberens

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Spas D. Kolev

    (School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia)

Abstract

The article presents a cluster analysis of the EU-27 countries. The clusters were built to identify groups of countries similar to each other in relation to the set of Eurostat indicators from the Climate Change Drivers and Environment and Energy sections. During the research, tools of spatial information systems were used, such as cluster analysis, diagram maps, rasterization and the TSA method. ARIMA prediction models were also used. The research aims to verify our hypotheses. Particular attention was paid to Poland; therefore, it was verified whether the composition of the country’s energy mix translated into excessive emissions of pollutants in relation to other EU countries. Furthermore, the level of integration of energy markets in the European Union and its changes over time were examined. The authors also proposed a methodology to create detailed energy and climate strategies for designated clusters. The results of the presented research are particularly important in light of recent events in Ukraine.

Suggested Citation

  • Aurelia Rybak & Aleksandra Rybak & Jarosław Joostberens & Spas D. Kolev, 2022. "Cluster Analysis of the EU-27 Countries in Light of the Guiding Principles of the European Green Deal, with Particular Emphasis on Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5082-:d:861077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Christian Barika Igbeghe & Tamás Mizik & Zoltán Gabnai & Attila Bai, 2023. "Trends and Characterization of Primary Energy Sources by Energy and Food Prices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.

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