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Nickel Hydroxide Nanofluid Cathodes with High Solid Loadings and Low Viscosity for Energy Storage Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Sujat Sen

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA)

  • Elahe Moazzen

    (Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
    Department of Physics & CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA)

  • Sinjin Acuna

    (Influit Energy, LLC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Evan Draxler

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA)

  • Carlo U. Segre

    (Department of Physics & CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
    Influit Energy, LLC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Elena V. Timofeeva

    (Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
    Influit Energy, LLC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

Abstract

Nanofluid electrodes with high loading of active solid materials have significant potential as high energy density flow battery electrolytes; however, two key criteria need to be met: they must have a manageable viscosity for pumping and simultaneously exhibit good electrochemical activity. A typical dispersion of nickel hydroxide nanoparticles (~100 nm) is limited to 5–10 wt.% of solids, above which it has a paste-like consistency, incompatible with flow applications. We report on the successful formulation of stable dispersions of a nano-scale nickel hydroxide cathode (β-Ni(OH) 2 ) with up to 60 wt.% of solids and low viscosity (32 cP at 25 °C), utilizing a surface graft of small organic molecules. The fraction of grafting moiety is less than 3 wt.% of the nanoparticle weight, and its presence is crucial for the colloidal stability and low viscosity of suspensions. Electrochemical testing of the pristine and modified β-Ni(OH) 2 nanoparticles in the form of solid casted electrodes were found to be comparable with the latter exhibiting a maximum discharge capacity of ~237 mAh/g over 50 consecutive charge–discharge cycles, close to the theoretical capacity of 289 mAh/g.

Suggested Citation

  • Sujat Sen & Elahe Moazzen & Sinjin Acuna & Evan Draxler & Carlo U. Segre & Elena V. Timofeeva, 2022. "Nickel Hydroxide Nanofluid Cathodes with High Solid Loadings and Low Viscosity for Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4728-:d:850587
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Brown & C. Ferrero & T. Narayanan & A. Rennie, 1999. "Phase separation and structure in a concentrated colloidal dispersion of uniform plates," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 11(3), pages 481-489, October.
    2. Daniel Rueda-García & María del Rocío Rodríguez-Laguna & Emigdio Chávez-Angel & Deepak P. Dubal & Zahilia Cabán-Huertas & Raúl Benages-Vilau & Pedro Gómez-Romero, 2019. "From Thermal to Electroactive Graphene Nanofluids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-11, November.
    3. Liu, Changhui & Qiao, Yu & Du, Peixing & Zhang, Jiahao & Zhao, Jiateng & Liu, Chenzhen & Huo, Yutao & Qi, Cong & Rao, Zhonghao & Yan, Yuying, 2021. "Recent advances of nanofluids in micro/nano scale energy transportation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
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