IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i5p1337-d508298.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electromobility and Flexibility Management on a Non-Interconnected Island

Author

Listed:
  • Enea Mele

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Anastasios Natsis

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Aphrodite Ktena

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Christos Manasis

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

  • Nicholas Assimakis

    (Energy Systems Laboratory, General Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece)

Abstract

The increasing penetration of electrical vehicles (EVs), on the way to decarbonizing the transportation sector, presents several challenges and opportunities for the end users, the distribution grid, and the electricity markets. Uncontrollable EV charging may increase peak demand and impact the grid stability and reliability, especially in the case of non-interconnected microgrids such as the distribution grids of small islands. On the other hand, if EVs are considered as flexible loads and distributed storage, they may offer Vehicle to Grid (V2G) services and contribute to demand-side management through smart charging and discharging. In this work, we present a study on the penetration of EVs and the flexibility they may offer for services to the grid, using a genetic algorithm for optimum valley filling and peak shaving for the case of a non-interconnected island where the electricity demand is several times higher during the summer due to the influx of tourists. Test cases have been developed for various charging/discharging strategies and mobility patterns. Their results are discussed with respect to the current generating capacity of the island as well as the future case where part of the electricity demand will have to be met by renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic plants, in order to minimize the island’s carbon footprint. Higher EV penetration, in the range of 20–25%, is enabled through smart charging strategies and V2G services, especially for load profiles with a large difference between the peak and low demands. However, the EV penetration and available flexibility is subject to the mobility needs and limited by the population and the size of the road network of the island itself rather than the grid needs and constraints. Limitations and challenges concerning efficient V2G services on a non-interconnected microgrid are identified. The results will be used in the design of a smart charging controller linked to the microgrid’s energy management system.

Suggested Citation

  • Enea Mele & Anastasios Natsis & Aphrodite Ktena & Christos Manasis & Nicholas Assimakis, 2021. "Electromobility and Flexibility Management on a Non-Interconnected Island," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1337-:d:508298
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1337/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1337/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Monica Alonso & Hortensia Amaris & Jean Gardy Germain & Juan Manuel Galan, 2014. "Optimal Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids by Heuristic Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Finn, P. & Fitzpatrick, C. & Connolly, D., 2012. "Demand side management of electric car charging: Benefits for consumer and grid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 358-363.
    3. Alfredo Ramírez Díaz & Francisco J. Ramos-Real & Gustavo A. Marrero & Yannick Perez, 2015. "Impact of Electric Vehicles as Distributed Energy Storage in Isolated Systems: The Case of Tenerife," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-27, November.
    4. Camus, Cristina & Farias, Tiago, 2012. "The electric vehicles as a mean to reduce CO2 emissions and energy costs in isolated regions. The São Miguel (Azores) case study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 153-165.
    5. Amela Ajanovic & Reinhard Haas, 2018. "Electric vehicles: solution or new problem?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 7-22, December.
    6. Ensslen, Axel & Ringler, Philipp & Dörr, Lasse & Jochem, Patrick & Zimmermann, Florian & Fichtner, Wolf, 2018. "Incentivizing smart charging: Modeling charging tariffs for electric vehicles in German and French electricity markets," MPRA Paper 91543, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Feb 2018.
    7. Alfredo Ramírez Díaz & Francisco J. Ramos-Real & Gustavo A. Marrero & Yannick Perez, 2015. "Impact of Electric Vehicles as Distributed Energy Storage in Isolated Systems: The Case of Tenerife," Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 7(11), pages 1-27, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ioannis Karakitsios & Dimitrios Lagos & Aris Dimeas & Nikos Hatziargyriou, 2023. "How Can EVs Support High RES Penetration in Islands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, January.
    2. George Stamatellos & Tassos Stamatelos, 2023. "Study of an nZEB Office Building with Storage in Electric Vehicle Batteries and Dispatch of a Natural Gas-Fuelled Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ramos-Real, Francisco J. & Ramírez-Díaz, Alfredo & Marrero, Gustavo A. & Perez, Yannick, 2018. "Willingness to pay for electric vehicles in island regions: The case of Tenerife (Canary Islands)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 140-149.
    2. Youssef Amry & Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Franck Le Gall & Mounir Ghogho & Soumia El Hani, 2022. "Electric Vehicle Traction Drives and Charging Station Power Electronics: Current Status and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-30, August.
    3. Changhong Deng & Ning Liang & Jin Tan & Gongchen Wang, 2016. "Multi-Objective Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Smart Distribution Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Manuel Uche-Soria & Carlos Rodríguez-Monroy, 2018. "Special Regulation of Isolated Power Systems: The Canary Islands, Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Papadopoulos, Agis M., 2020. "Renewable energies and storage in small insular systems: Potential, perspectives and a case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 103-114.
    6. Hoarau, Quentin & Perez, Yannick, 2018. "Interactions between electric mobility and photovoltaic generation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 510-522.
    7. García-Afonso, Óscar & González-Díaz, Benjamín, 2023. "Effectiveness of zero tailpipe vehicles to reduce CO2 emissions in isolated power systems, a realistic perspective: Tenerife Island test case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    8. Alejandro Rojano-Padrón & Marc Olivier Metais & Francisco J. Ramos-Real & Yannick Perez, 2023. "Tenerife’s Infrastructure Plan for Electromobility: A MATSim Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, January.
    9. López, A.I. & Ramírez-Díaz, A. & Castilla-Rodríguez, I. & Gurriarán, J. & Mendez-Perez, J.A., 2023. "Wind farm energy surplus storage solution with second-life vehicle batteries in isolated grids," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    10. Alfredo J. Ramírez-Díaz & Francisco J. Ramos-Real & María Gracia Rodríguez-Brito & María Carolina Rodríguez-Donate & Andrés Lorente de las Casas, 2022. "Determining Factors of Consumers’ Choice of Sport Utility Vehicles in an Isolated Energy System: How Can We Contribute to the Decarbonization of the Economy?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    11. Barrera-Santana, J. & Sioshansi, Ramteen, 2023. "An optimization framework for capacity planning of island electricity systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    12. Nesrine Kefif & Bachir Melzi & Mehran Hashemian & Mamdouh El Haj Assad & Siamak Hoseinzadeh, 2022. "Feasibility and optimal operation of micro energy hybrid system (hydro/wind) in the rural valley region [Energy revolution: from a fossil energy era to a new energy era]," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 17, pages 58-68.
    13. Maria Gracia Rodríguez-Brito & Alfredo J. Ramírez-Díaz & Francisco J. Ramos-Real & Yannick Perez, 2018. "Psychosocial Traits Characterizing EV Adopters’ Profiles: The Case of Tenerife (Canary Islands)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-26, June.
    14. Kougias, Ioannis & Szabó, Sándor & Nikitas, Alexandros & Theodossiou, Nicolaos, 2019. "Sustainable energy modelling of non-interconnected Mediterranean islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 930-940.
    15. Yanni Liang & Xingping Zhang & Jian Xie & Wenfeng Liu, 2017. "An Optimal Operation Model and Ordered Charging/Discharging Strategy for Battery Swapping Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Sanghyun Hong & Barry W. Brook, 2018. "Economic Feasibility of Energy Supply by Small Modular Nuclear Reactors on Small Islands: Case Studies of Jeju, Tasmania and Tenerife," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-11, September.
    17. Giulia Maesano & Giuseppe Di Vita & Gaetano Chinnici & Gioacchino Pappalardo & Mario D'Amico, 2020. "The Role of Credence Attributes in Consumer Choices of Sustainable Fish Products: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-18, November.
    18. Alfredo J. Ramírez-Díaz & Francisco J. Ramos-Real & Josue Barrera-Santana, 2023. "Well-to-Wheels for Light-Duty Vehicle Powertrains by Segments in Isolated Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    19. Kalim U. Shah & Mohammed Awojobi & Zakia Soomauroo, 2022. "Electric vehicle adoption in small island economies: Review from a technology transition perspective," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(4), July.
    20. Rodgers, Waymond & Cardenas, Jesus A. & Gemoets, Leopoldo A. & Sarfi, Robert J., 2023. "A smart grids knowledge transfer paradigm supported by experts' throughput modeling artificial intelligence algorithmic processes," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1337-:d:508298. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.