PSO Self-Tuning Power Controllers for Low Voltage Improvements of an Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan

A de-loaded real power control strategy is proposed to decrease the real power output and increase the reactive power output of a grid-connected offshore wind farm in order to improve the voltage profile when the wind farm is subject to a grid fault. A simplified linear model of the wind farm is first derived and a fixed-gain proportional-integral (PI) real power controller is designed based on the pole-zero cancellation method. To improve the dynamic voltage response when the system is subject to a major disturbance such as a three-phase fault in the grid, a self-tuning controller based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to adapt the PI controller gains based on the on-line measured system variables. Digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK were performed on an offshore wind farm connected to the power grid in central Taiwan in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PSO controller. It is concluded from the simulation results that a better dynamic voltage response can be achieved by the proposed PSO self-tuning controller than the fixed-gain controller when the grid is subject to a three-phase fault. In addition, low voltage ride through (LVRT) requirements of the local utility can be met by the wind farm with the proposed power controller.