A Multifaceted Challenge to Enhance Multicriteria Decision Support for Energy Policy

The necessity to enhance multicriteria decision in the industry is challenging to support the current energy policy. European Union regulations and guidelines provide the guideline for minimalizing environmental harms but are not enough in their actions for providing effective sustainability assessment. None of the available standalone assessment methods do capture the comprehensibility of multicriteria decision-making. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a challenge to incorporate the multicriteria sustainability decision-making method to mainstream energy policy, which is lacking in European Union policies. The novelty of the research lies in constructing a multicriteria sustainability approach for assessing energy technologies performance for embodying into a mainstream energy policy. In this study, the multicriteria decision-making—an approach combining life cycle-based methods, analytical hierarchy process, as well as macroeconomic analysis, was used to demonstrate the applicability of the method based on three photovoltaic technologies. The results showed that sustainability assessment supported with multicriteria decision allows to better understand analyzed factors influencing the energy technology, contributing to selection of the best sustainability technology according to the realization of an energy policy. It was proved based on a real example of photovoltaics, where string ribbon technology represents the most sustainable along its life cycle, with a 0.503 sustainability score. The study highlighted the challenge to embody the integrated method assessing sustainability-oriented technologies into an energy policy. This challenge regarding example evidence places emphasis on the decision-making process to realize an energy policy and in consequence, to improve enterprise sustainability performance.