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Valorization of Lignin Side-Streams into Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams—A Contribution to the Pulp and Paper Industry Biorefinery

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  • João A. Pinto

    (Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
    Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Isabel P. Fernandes

    (Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal)

  • Virginia D. Pinto

    (Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal)

  • Elson Gomes

    (Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Cátia F. Oliveira

    (Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Paula C. R. Pinto

    (Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
    RAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Rua José Estevão Nº 221, 3800-783 Eixo, Portugal)

  • Luís M. R. Mesquita

    (Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia Ap. 1134, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal)

  • Paulo A. G. Piloto

    (Associate Laboratory of Energy, Transports and Aeronautics—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA-INEGI), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal)

  • Alírio E. Rodrigues

    (Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Maria-Filomena Barreiro

    (Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal)

Abstract

Valorization of industrial low-value side-streams are of great interest, contributing to boosts in the circular economy. In this context, lignin side-streams of the pulp and paper industry were oxypropylated to produce biobased polyols and tested in the synthesis of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams. E. globulus lignins, namely a lignin isolated from an industrial Kraft black liquor and depolymerized lignins obtained as by-products of an oxidation process, were used. RPU foams, synthesized with 100% lignin-based polyols and using a 1.1 NCO/OH ratio, were characterized concerning apparent density, morphology, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and heat release rate (HRR). Foams containing the lignin-based polyols presented densities varying from 44.7 to 112.2 kg/m 3 and thermal conductivity in the range of 37.2–49.0 mW/mK. For the reference foam (sample produced with 100% wt. Daltofoam TP 32015 polyol), values of 70.9 kg/m 3 and 41.1 mW/mK were obtained, respectively. The achieved results point out the viability of using the generated lignin-based polyols at 100% content in RPU foams, mainly when depolymerized lignins are used. Moreover, fire retardancy was favored when the lignin-based polyols were introduced. The proposed strategies can contribute to establishing the integrated pulp and paper biorefinery concept where material synthesis (polyols and RPU foams) can be combined with chemical production (vanillin and syringaldehyde).

Suggested Citation

  • João A. Pinto & Isabel P. Fernandes & Virginia D. Pinto & Elson Gomes & Cátia F. Oliveira & Paula C. R. Pinto & Luís M. R. Mesquita & Paulo A. G. Piloto & Alírio E. Rodrigues & Maria-Filomena Barreiro, 2021. "Valorization of Lignin Side-Streams into Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams—A Contribution to the Pulp and Paper Industry Biorefinery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3825-:d:582149
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    1. Garlapati, Vijay Kumar & Chandel, Anuj K. & Kumar, S.P. Jeevan & Sharma, Swati & Sevda, Surajbhan & Ingle, Avinash P. & Pant, Deepak, 2020. "Circular economy aspects of lignin: Towards a lignocellulose biorefinery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    2. Leibensperger, Carrie & Yang, Pan & Zhao, Qiankun & Wei, Shuran & Cai, Ximing, 2021. "The synergy between stakeholders for cellulosic biofuel development: Perspectives, opportunities, and barriers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Eulogio Castro & Inmaculada Romero, 2021. "Biorefinery Based on Waste Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-3, December.

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