Robust Economic Model Predictive Control Based on a Zonotope and Local Feedback Controller for Energy Dispatch in Smart-Grids Considering Demand Uncertainty

Electrical smart grids are complex MIMO systems whose operation can be noticeably affected by the presence of uncertainties such as load demand uncertainty. In this paper, based on a restricted representation of the demand uncertainty, we propose a robust economic model predictive control method that guarantees an optimal energy dispatch in a smart micro-grid. Load demands are uncertain, but viewed as bounded. The proposed method first decomposes control inputs into dependent and independent components, and then tackles the effect of demand uncertainty by tightening the system constraints as the uncertainty propagates along the prediction horizon using interval arithmetic and local state feedback control law. The tightened constraints’ upper and lower limits are computed off-line. The proposed method guarantees stability through a periodic terminal state constraint. The method is faster and simpler compared to other approaches based on Closed-loop min–max techniques. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a smart micro-grid that comprises a wind generator, some photovoltaic (PV) panels, a diesel generator, a hydroelectric generator and some storage devices linked via two DC-buses, from which load demands can be adequately satisfied.