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On the Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Provenance on Its Usefulness for the Manufacture of ANFO Type Explosives

Author

Listed:
  • Andrzej Biessikirski

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Łukasz Kuterasiński

    (Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland)

  • Michał Dworzak

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Michał Twardosz

    (Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

  • Maciej Tatko

    (Fluorochemika Poland sp. z o.o., ul. Kwiatkowskiego 8, 33-101 Tarnów, Poland)

  • Bogna Daria Napruszewska

    (Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples based on fertilizer (AN-F) and ammonium nitrate porous prill (AN-PP) were studied. Tests were carried out using both a thermogravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) of ammonium nitrate(V) (AN) concerning either their surface or cross-section was performed. Based on the SEM results, it was shown that the surface of AN-F grains was flat and slightly deformed, while the AN-PP surface was wrinkled and deformed. Furthermore, the various steps of thermogravimetric process exhibited continuous AN phase transition according to precise temperatures. From TGA analysis, a significant mass loss was found as a result of ANFO decomposition. Direct comparison of SEM and TGA/DCS data led to the conclusion that ANFO based on AN-F was characterized by lower absorption of FO in contrast to AN-PP.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrzej Biessikirski & Łukasz Kuterasiński & Michał Dworzak & Michał Twardosz & Maciej Tatko & Bogna Daria Napruszewska, 2020. "On the Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Provenance on Its Usefulness for the Manufacture of ANFO Type Explosives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4942-:d:416553
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    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Wolny & Norbert Tuśnio & Artur Lewandowski & Filip Mikołajczyk & Sławomir Kuberski, 2021. "Self-Acting Formation of an ANFO Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-10, October.

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