IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i16p4262-d400277.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Development of Greener D-Metal Inorganic Crosslinkers for Polymeric Gels Used in Water Control in Oil and Gas Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Hassan I. Nimir

    (Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar)

  • Ahmed Hamza

    (Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar)

  • Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein

    (Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar)

Abstract

Crosslinkable polymers, such as polyacrylamide (PAM), are widely applied for water control in oil and gas reservoirs. Organic and inorganic crosslinkers are used to formulate a gel with PAM. Although chromium has a high level of toxicity, it has been implemented as an effective crosslinker combined with carboxylates because of the controllability of crosslinking time at low temperatures. The objective of this work was to develop greener d-metal inorganic crosslinkers based on cobalt, copper, and nickel to replace chromium for application at reservoir conditions. The obtained results showed that the gelation chemistry of the developed systems depends on the metal charge density. The gelation of PAM with d-metals depends on pH and temperature for low- and high-charge density, respectively. Cobalt (II) acetate (CoAc) was effective at high temperatures (130–150 °C) and forms (4% CoAc + 9%PAM) stable, and strong gels at a pH > 7 with a storage modulus exceeding 4300 Pa. However, Nickel Acetate and Cupper Acetate formed stable weak gels at low temperatures (50–70 °C) and a pH > 6 and gel decomposition was observed upon increasing the temperature. The developed formulations were compatible with low-salinity water (1000 ppm NaCl).

Suggested Citation

  • Hassan I. Nimir & Ahmed Hamza & Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein, 2020. "Development of Greener D-Metal Inorganic Crosslinkers for Polymeric Gels Used in Water Control in Oil and Gas Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:16:p:4262-:d:400277
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/16/4262/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/16/4262/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kingsley Godwin Uranta & Sina Rezaei-Gomari & Paul Russell & Faik Hamad, 2018. "Studying the Effectiveness of Polyacrylamide (PAM) Application in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs at Different Operational Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Dingwei Zhu & Limin Wei & Biqing Wang & Yujun Feng, 2014. "Aqueous Hybrids of Silica Nanoparticles and Hydrophobically Associating Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Used for EOR in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Reservoirs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Bahador Najafiazar & Dag Wessel-Berg & Per Eirik Bergmo & Christian Rone Simon & Juan Yang & Ole Torsæter & Torleif Holt, 2019. "Polymer Gels Made with Functionalized Organo-Silica Nanomaterials for Conformance Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-28, September.
    4. Tong Li & Jichao Fang & Baolei Jiao & Long He & Caili Dai & Qing You, 2018. "Study on a Novel Gelled Foam for Conformance Control in High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yongpeng Sun & Yanchao Fang & Ang Chen & Qing You & Caili Dai & Rui Cheng & Yifei Liu, 2017. "Gelation Behavior Study of a Resorcinol–Hexamethyleneteramine Crosslinked Polymer Gel for Water Shut-Off Treatment in Low Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Nanjun Lai & Xin Guo & Ning Zhou & Qian Xu, 2016. "Shear Resistance Properties of Modified Nano-SiO 2 /AA/AM Copolymer Oil Displacement Agent," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Yi Zhang & Jiexiang Wang & Peng Jia & Xiao Liu & Xuxu Zhang & Chang Liu & Xiangwei Bai, 2020. "Viscosity Loss and Hydraulic Pressure Drop on Multilayer Separate Polymer Injection in Concentric Dual-Tubing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-20, April.
    4. Druetta, P. & Raffa, P. & Picchioni, F., 2019. "Chemical enhanced oil recovery and the role of chemical product design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Songyan Li & Chenyu Qiao & Guowei Ji & Qun Wang & Lei Tao, 2019. "Experimental Study of Profile Control with Foam Stabilized by Clay Particle and Surfactant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, February.
    6. Chaturvedi, Krishna Raghav & Trivedi, Japan & Sharma, Tushar, 2020. "Single-step silica nanofluid for improved carbon dioxide flow and reduced formation damage in porous media for carbon utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:16:p:4262-:d:400277. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.