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A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios

Author

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  • Jolando M. Kisse

    (Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
    Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, Department of Grid Planning and Operation, Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Martin Braun

    (Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
    Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, Department of Grid Planning and Operation, Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Simon Letzgus

    (Department of Energy Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany)

  • Tanja M. Kneiske

    (Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, Department of Grid Planning and Operation, Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel, Germany)

Abstract

Next to building insulation, heat pumps driven by electrical compressors (eHPs) or by gas engines (geHPs) can be used to reduce primary energy demand for heating. They come with different investment requirements, operating costs and emissions caused. In addition, they affect both the power and gas grids, which necessitates the assessment of both infrastructures regarding grid expansion planning. To calculate costs and CO 2 emissions, 2000 electrical load profiles and 180 different heat demand profiles for single-family homes were simulated and heat pump models were applied. In a case study for a neighborhood energy model, the load profiles were assigned to buildings in an example town using public data on locations, building age and energetic refurbishment variants. In addition, the town’s gas distribution network and low voltage grid were modeled. Power and gas flows were simulated and costs for required grid extensions were calculated for 11% and 16% heat pump penetration. It was found that eHPs have the highest energy costs but will also have the lowest CO 2 emissions by 2030 and 2050. For the investigated case, power grid investments of 11,800 euros/year are relatively low compared to gas grid connection costs of 70,400 euros/year. If eHPs and geHPs are combined, a slight reduction of overall costs is possible, but emissions would rise strongly compared to the all-electric case.

Suggested Citation

  • Jolando M. Kisse & Martin Braun & Simon Letzgus & Tanja M. Kneiske, 2020. "A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-31, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:16:p:4052-:d:394846
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marten Fesefeldt & Massimiliano Capezzali & Mokhtar Bozorg & Riina Karjalainen, 2023. "Impact of Heat Pump and Cogeneration Integration on Power Distribution Grids Based on Transition Scenarios for Heating in Urban Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Daniel Lohmeier & Dennis Cronbach & Simon Ruben Drauz & Martin Braun & Tanja Manuela Kneiske, 2020. "Pandapipes: An Open-Source Piping Grid Calculation Package for Multi-Energy Grid Simulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-39, November.

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