IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i12p3261-d375629.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Transformerless Multilevel Voltage-Source Inverter Topology Comparative Study for PV Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Adyr A. Estévez-Bén

    (Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

At present, renewable energies represent 25% of the global power generation capacity. The increase in clean energy facilities is mainly due to the high levels of pollution generated by the burning of fossil fuels to satisfy the growing electricity demand. The global capacity of generating electricity from solar energy has experienced a significant increase, reaching 505 GW in 2018. Today, multilevel inverters are used in PV systems to convert direct current into alternating current. However, the use of multilevel inverters in renewable energies applications presents different challenges; for example, grid-connected systems use a transformer to avoid the presence of leakage currents. The grid-connected systems must meet at least two international standards analyzed in this work: VDE 0126-1-1 and VDE-AR-N 4105, which establish a maximum leakage current of 300 mA and harmonic distortion maximum of 5%. Previously, DC/AC converters have been studied in different industrial applications. The state-of-the-art presented in the work is due to the growing need for a greater use of clean energy and the use of inverters as an interface between these technologies and the grid. Also, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the main multilevel inverter voltage-source topologies used in transformerless PV systems. In each scheme, the advantages and disadvantages are presented, as well as the main challenges. In addition, current trends in grid-connected systems using these schemes are discussed. Finally, a comparative table based on input voltage, switching frequency, output levels, control strategy used, efficiency, and leakage current is shown.

Suggested Citation

  • Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz, 2020. "Transformerless Multilevel Voltage-Source Inverter Topology Comparative Study for PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3261-:d:375629
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3261/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3261/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sk Abdul Aleem & S. M. Suhail Hussain & Taha Selim Ustun, 2020. "A Review of Strategies to Increase PV Penetration Level in Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-28, February.
    2. Muhammad Aqeel Anwar & Ghulam Abbas & Irfan Khan & Ahmed Bilal Awan & Umar Farooq & Saad Saleem Khan, 2020. "An Impedance Network-Based Three Level Quasi Neutral Point Clamped Inverter with High Voltage Gain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Chao Zhang & Zhigang Gao, 2018. "A Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Using Only One Battery with High-Frequency Link and Low-Rating-Voltage MOSFETs for Motor Drives in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, July.
    4. Khatib, Tamer & Mohamed, Azah & Sopian, K., 2013. "A review of photovoltaic systems size optimization techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 454-465.
    5. Ui-Min Choi & June-Seok Lee, 2020. "Comparative Evaluation of Lifetime of Three-Level Inverters in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Luyun Jiao & Dongyuan Qiu & Bo Zhang & Yanfeng Chen, 2019. "A Hybrid Nine-Arm High-Voltage Inverter with DC-Fault Blocking Capability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.
    7. P. Madasamy & V. Suresh Kumar & P. Sanjeevikumar & Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen & Eklas Hosain & C. Bharatiraja, 2019. "A Three-Phase Transformerless T-Type- NPC-MLI for Grid Connected PV Systems with Common-Mode Leakage Current Mitigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-25, June.
    8. Hao Lin & Jose I. Leon & Wensheng Luo & Abraham Marquez & Jianxing Liu & Sergio Vazquez & L. G. Franquelo, 2020. "Integral Sliding-Mode Control-Based Direct Power Control for Three-Level NPC Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, January.
    9. Pillai, Dhanup S. & Rajasekar, N., 2018. "A comprehensive review on protection challenges and fault diagnosis in PV systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 18-40.
    10. Hussin, M.Z. & Omar, A.M. & Shaari, S. & Sin, N.D. Md, 2017. "Review of state-of-the-art: Inverter-to-array power ratio for thin – Film sizing technique," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 265-277.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & Miguel-Angel Martínez-Prado & Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano & Suresh Thenozhi, 2020. "A Review of Battery Equalizer Circuits for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-29, October.
    2. Marcel Nicola & Claudiu-Ionel Nicola & Dan Selișteanu, 2022. "Improvement of the Control of a Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Based on Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controllers Using a Reinforcement Learning Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Agent," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-32, March.
    3. Adolfo Dannier & Gianluca Brando & Marino Coppola, 2022. "Special Issue on Power Converter of Electric Machines, Renewable Energy Systems, and Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-3, January.
    4. Ali M. Eltamaly & Zeyad A. Almutairi & Mohamed A. Abdelhamid, 2023. "Modern Optimization Algorithm for Improved Performance of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Partially Shaded PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Marcel Nicola & Claudiu-Ionel Nicola, 2021. "Fractional-Order Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Based on Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controllers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-25, January.
    6. Yingnan Cong & Yufei Hou & Jiaming Jiang & Shuangzi Chen & Xiaojing Cai, 2023. "Features and Evolution of Global Energy Trade Patterns from the Perspective of Complex Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-17, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gonocruz, Ruth Anne Tanlioco & Yoshida, Yoshikuni & Ozawa, Akito & Aguirre, Rodolfo A. & Maguindayao, Edward Joseph H., 2023. "Impacts of agrivoltaics in rural electrification and decarbonization in the Philippines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    2. Muhsen, Dhiaa Halboot & Khatib, Tamer & Nagi, Farrukh, 2017. "A review of photovoltaic water pumping system designing methods, control strategies and field performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 70-86.
    3. Krzysztof Barbusiński & Paweł Kwaśnicki & Anna Gronba-Chyła & Agnieszka Generowicz & Józef Ciuła & Bartosz Szeląg & Francesco Fatone & Agnieszka Makara & Zygmunt Kowalski, 2024. "Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Electrical Parameters of Side Connectors in Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Rawat, Rahul & Kaushik, S.C. & Lamba, Ravita, 2016. "A review on modeling, design methodology and size optimization of photovoltaic based water pumping, standalone and grid connected system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1506-1519.
    5. Sinha, Sunanda & Chandel, S.S., 2015. "Review of recent trends in optimization techniques for solar photovoltaic–wind based hybrid energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 755-769.
    6. Guillermo Almonacid-Olleros & Gabino Almonacid & David Gil & Javier Medina-Quero, 2022. "Evaluation of Transfer Learning and Fine-Tuning to Nowcast Energy Generation of Photovoltaic Systems in Different Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, March.
    7. Dirk Johan van Vuuren & Annlizé L. Marnewick & Jan Harm C. Pretorius, 2021. "Validation of a Simulation-Based Pre-Assessment Process for Solar Photovoltaic Technology Implemented on Rooftops of South African Shopping Centres," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-26, February.
    8. Dhanuja Lekshmi J & Zakir Hussain Rather & Bikash C Pal, 2021. "A New Tool to Assess Maximum Permissible Solar PV Penetration in a Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-21, December.
    9. Sheha, Moataz & Mohammadi, Kasra & Powell, Kody, 2021. "Techno-economic analysis of the impact of dynamic electricity prices on solar penetration in a smart grid environment with distributed energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    10. Ridha, Hussein Mohammed & Gomes, Chandima & Hizam, Hashim & Ahmadipour, Masoud & Heidari, Ali Asghar & Chen, Huiling, 2021. "Multi-objective optimization and multi-criteria decision-making methods for optimal design of standalone photovoltaic system: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    11. Narayan, Nishant & Chamseddine, Ali & Vega-Garita, Victor & Qin, Zian & Popovic-Gerber, Jelena & Bauer, Pavol & Zeman, Miroslav, 2019. "Exploring the boundaries of Solar Home Systems (SHS) for off-grid electrification: Optimal SHS sizing for the multi-tier framework for household electricity access," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 907-917.
    12. Mohammed, Ammar & Pasupuleti, Jagadeesh & Khatib, Tamer & Elmenreich, Wilfried, 2015. "A review of process and operational system control of hybrid photovoltaic/diesel generator systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 436-446.
    13. Lingzhi Cao & Yanyan Li & Xiaoying Li & Leilei Guo & Nan Jin & Hong Cao, 2020. "A Dual-Vector Modulated Model Predictive Control Method for Voltage Source Inverters with a New Duty Cycle Calculation Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    14. Kosai, Shoki & Yamasue, Eiji, 2018. "Cost-security analysis dedicated for the off-grid electricity system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 871-879.
    15. Ganesh Sampatrao Patil & Anwar Mulla & Taha Selim Ustun, 2022. "Impact of Wind Farm Integration on LMP in Deregulated Energy Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-20, April.
    16. Jarosław Kulpa & Piotr Olczak & Tomasz Surma & Dominika Matuszewska, 2021. "Comparison of Support Programs for the Development of Photovoltaics in Poland: My Electricity Program and the RES Auction System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    17. Ding, Ming & Xu, Zhicheng & Wang, Weisheng & Wang, Xiuli & Song, Yunting & Chen, Dezhi, 2016. "A review on China׳s large-scale PV integration: Progress, challenges and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 639-652.
    18. Tito G. Amaral & Vitor Fernão Pires & Armando Cordeiro & Daniel Foito & João F. Martins & Julia Yamnenko & Tetyana Tereschenko & Liudmyla Laikova & Ihor Fedin, 2023. "Incipient Fault Diagnosis of a Grid-Connected T-Type Multilevel Inverter Using Multilayer Perceptron and Walsh Transform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    19. Li, B. & Delpha, C. & Diallo, D. & Migan-Dubois, A., 2021. "Application of Artificial Neural Networks to photovoltaic fault detection and diagnosis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    20. Mohammed Ali Khan & Ahteshamul Haque & Frede Blaabjerg & Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru & Huai Wang, 2021. "Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3261-:d:375629. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.