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Evaluation of the Effects of Smart Charging Strategies and Frequency Restoration Reserves Market Participation of an Electric Vehicle

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  • Fabian Rücker

    (Chair of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17–19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52062 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Centre d’Innovació Tecnològica en Convertidors Estàtics i Accionaments (CITCEA-UPC), Departament d’Enginyeria Elèctrica, ETS d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avinguda Diagonal, 647, Pl.2, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Michael Merten

    (Chair of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17–19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52062 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Jingyu Gong

    (Chair of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17–19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52062 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Roberto Villafáfila-Robles

    (Centre d’Innovació Tecnològica en Convertidors Estàtics i Accionaments (CITCEA-UPC), Departament d’Enginyeria Elèctrica, ETS d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avinguda Diagonal, 647, Pl.2, 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Ilka Schoeneberger

    (Chair of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17–19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52062 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Dirk Uwe Sauer

    (Chair of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen, Jägerstr. 17–19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
    Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, 52062 Aachen, Germany
    Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON ERC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Ionics in Energy Storage (IEK-12), Helmholtz-Institute Münster (HI MS), 48149 Münster, Germany)

Abstract

The emergence of electric vehicles offers the opportunity to decarbonize the transportation and mobility sector. With smart charging strategies and the use of electricity generated from renewable sources, electric vehicle owners can reduce their electricity bill as well as reduce their carbon footprint. We investigated smart charging strategies for electric vehicle charging at household and workplace sites with photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, we investigated the participation of an electric vehicle in the provision of positive automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) in Germany from 30 October 2018 to 31 July 2019. We find that the provision of positive aFRR in Germany returns a positive net return. The positive net return is, however, not sufficient to cover the current investment cost for a necessary control unit. For home charging, we find that self-sufficiency rates of up to 48.1% and an electricity cost reduction of 17.6% for one year can be reached with unidirectional smart charging strategies. With bidirectional strategies, self-sufficiency rates of up to 56.7% for home charging and electricity cost reductions of up to 26.1% are reached. We also find that electric vehicle (EV) owners who can charge at their workplace can reduce their electricity cost further. The impact of smart charging strategies on battery aging is also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabian Rücker & Michael Merten & Jingyu Gong & Roberto Villafáfila-Robles & Ilka Schoeneberger & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2020. "Evaluation of the Effects of Smart Charging Strategies and Frequency Restoration Reserves Market Participation of an Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-31, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3112-:d:372279
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jian Chen & Fangyi Li & Ranran Yang & Dawei Ma, 2020. "Impacts of Increasing Private Charging Piles on Electric Vehicles’ Charging Profiles: A Case Study in Hefei City, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-17, August.
    2. António Sérgio Faria & Tiago Soares & Tiago Sousa & Manuel A. Matos, 2020. "Participation of an EV Aggregator in the Reserve Market through Chance-Constrained Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Peter Tauš & Marcela Taušová & Peter Sivák & Mária Shejbalová Muchová & Eva Mihaliková, 2020. "Parameter Optimization Model Photovoltaic Battery System for Charging Electric Cars," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-17, September.

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