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Components Sizing and Performance Analysis of Hydro-Mechanical Power Split Transmission Applied to a Wheel Loader

Author

Listed:
  • Shaoping Xiong

    (Department of Mechanical Design & Manufacturing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University-East Campus, 17 Qinghua East Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Gabriel Wilfong

    (Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University-Main Campus, 225 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • John Lumkes

    (Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University-Main Campus, 225 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

Abstract

The powertrain efficiency deeply affects the performance of off-road vehicles like wheel loaders in terms of fuel economy, load capability, smooth control, etc. The hydrostatic transmission (HST) systems have been widely adopted in off-road vehicles for providing large power density and continuous variable control, yet using relatively low efficiency hydraulic components. This paper presents a hydrostatic-mechanical power split transmission (PST) solution for a 10-ton wheel loader for improving the fuel economy of a wheel loader. A directly-engine-coupled HST solution for the same wheel loader is also presented for comparison. This work introduced a sizing approach for both PST and HST, which helps to make proper selections of key powertrain components. Furthermore, this work also presented a multi-domain modeling approach for the powertrain of a wheel loader, that integrates the modeling of internal combustion (IC) engine, hydraulic systems, mechanical transmission, vehicle(wheel) dynamics, and relevant control systems. In this modeling, an engine torque evaluation method with a throttle position control system was developed to describe the engine dynamics; a method to express the hydraulic loss of the axial piston hydraulic pump/motor was developed for modeling the hydraulic transmission; and a vehicle velocity control system was developed based on altering the displacement of a hydraulic unit. Two powertrain models were developed, respectively, for the PST and HST systems of a wheel loader using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation on a predefined wheel loader drive cycle was conducted on both powertrain models to evaluate and compare the performance of wheel loader using different systems, including vehicle velocity, hydraulic displacement control, hydraulic torque, powertrain efficiency, and engine power consumption. The simulation results indicate that the vehicle velocity controller developed functions well for both the PST and HST systems; a wheel loader using the proposed PST solution can overall save about 8% energy consumption compared using an HST solution in one drive cycle. The sizing method and simulation models developed in this work should facilitate the development of the powertrains for wheel loaders and other wheeled heavy vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaoping Xiong & Gabriel Wilfong & John Lumkes, 2019. "Components Sizing and Performance Analysis of Hydro-Mechanical Power Split Transmission Applied to a Wheel Loader," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:9:p:1613-:d:226564
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaojun Liu & Dongye Sun & Datong Qin & Junlong Liu, 2017. "Achievement of Fuel Savings in Wheel Loader by Applying Hydrodynamic Mechanical Power Split Transmissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Bury & Michał Stosiak & Kamil Urbanowicz & Apoloniusz Kodura & Michał Kubrak & Agnieszka Malesińska, 2022. "A Case Study of Open- and Closed-Loop Control of Hydrostatic Transmission with Proportional Valve Start-Up Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Artur S. Bartosik, 2022. "Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow: A Review of Contributions to the Special Issue," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-8, April.
    3. Jihai Jiang & Zebo Wang, 2021. "Optimization and Influence of Micro-Chamfering on Oil Film Lubrication Characteristics of Slipper/Swashplate Interface within Axial Piston Pump," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, April.
    4. Jianying Li & Tunglung Wu & Weimin Chi & Qingchun Hu & Teenhang Meen, 2019. "Integrated Analysis of Influence of Multiple Factors on Transmission Efficiency of Loader Drive Axle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-12, November.

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