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Attenuation of Wave Energy Due to Mangrove Vegetation off Mumbai, India

Author

Listed:
  • Samiksha S. V.

    (Ocean Engineering Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India)

  • P. Vethamony

    (Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar)

  • Prasad K. Bhaskaran

    (Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India)

  • P. Pednekar

    (Ocean Engineering Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India)

  • M. Jishad

    (Space Applications Centre, Ambawadi Vistar, Ahmedabad 380015, India)

  • R. Arthur James

    (Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India)

Abstract

Coastal regions of India are prone to sea level rise, cyclones, storm surges, and human-induced activities, resulting in flood, erosion, and inundation, and some of these impacts could be attributed to climate change. Mangroves play a very protective role against some of these coastal hazards. The primary aim of the study was to estimate wave energy attenuation by mangrove vegetation using modeling, and to validate the model results with measurements conducted off Mumbai coast, where a mangrove forest is present. Wave measurements were carried out from 5–8 August 2015 at three locations in a transect normal to the coast using surface-mounted pressure-level sensors in spring tide conditions. The measured data presented wave height attenuation of the order of 52%. Model set-up and sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the model performance with respect to vegetation parameters. It was observed that wave attenuation increases with an increase in drag coefficient, vegetation density, and stem diameter. For a typical set-up in the Mumbai coastal region having a vegetation density of 0.175 per m 2 , stem diameter of 0.3 m, and drag coefficient varying from 0.4 to 1.5, the model reproduced attenuation ranging from 49% to 55%, which matches reasonably well with the measured data. Spectral analysis performed for the cases with and without vegetation very clearly portrays energy dissipation in the vegetation area. This study also highlights the importance of climate change and mangrove vegetation.

Suggested Citation

  • Samiksha S. V. & P. Vethamony & Prasad K. Bhaskaran & P. Pednekar & M. Jishad & R. Arthur James, 2019. "Attenuation of Wave Energy Due to Mangrove Vegetation off Mumbai, India," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:22:p:4286-:d:285684
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicola Ranger & Stéphane Hallegatte & Sumana Bhattacharya & Murthy Bachu & Satya Priya & K. Dhore & Farhat Rafique & P. Mathur & Nicolas Naville & Fanny Henriet & Celine Herweijer & Sanjib Pohit & Jan, 2011. "An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 104(1), pages 139-167, January.
    2. Blankespoor,Brian & Dasgupta,Susmita & Lange,Glenn-Marie-000351319, 2016. "Mangroves as protection from storm surges in a changing climate," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7596, The World Bank.
    3. Laura Yanez-Espinosa & Joel Flores, 2011. "A Review of Sea-Level Rise Effect on Mangrove Forest Species: Anatomical and Morphological Modifications," Chapters, in: Stefano Casalegno (ed.), Global Warming Impacts - Case Studies on the Economy, Human Health, and on Urban and Natural Environments, IntechOpen.
    4. Stéphane Hallegatte & Nicola Ranger & Olivier Mestre & Patrice Dumas & Jan Corfee-Morlot & Celine Herweijer & Robert Wood, 2011. "Assessing climate change impacts, sea level rise and storm surge risk in port cities: a case study on Copenhagen," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 104(1), pages 113-137, January.
    5. Dasgupta,Susmita & Islam,Md. Saiful & Huq,Mainul & Khan,Zahirul Huque & Hasib,Md. Raqubul, 2017. "Mangroves as protection from storm surges in Bangladesh," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8251, The World Bank.
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