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Constructing Accurate Equivalent Electrical Circuit Models of Lithium Iron Phosphate and Lead–Acid Battery Cells for Solar Home System Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Yunhe Yu

    (Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Nishant Narayan

    (Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Victor Vega-Garita

    (Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Jelena Popovic-Gerber

    (Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Zian Qin

    (Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Marnix Wagemaker

    (Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Pavol Bauer

    (Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Miro Zeman

    (Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The past few years have seen strong growth of solar-based off-grid energy solutions such as Solar Home Systems (SHS) as a means to ameliorate the grave problem of energy poverty. Battery storage is an essential component of SHS. An accurate battery model can play a vital role in SHS design. Knowing the dynamic behaviour of the battery is important for the battery sizing and estimating the battery behaviour for the chosen application at the system design stage. In this paper, an accurate cell level dynamic battery model based on the electrical equivalent circuit is constructed for two battery technologies: the valve regulated lead–acid (VRLA) battery and the LiFePO 4 (LFP) battery. Series of experiments were performed to obtain the relevant model parameters. This model is built for low C-rate applications (lower than 0.5 C-rate) as expected in SHS. The model considers the non-linear relation between the state of charge ( S O C ) and open circuit voltage ( V OC ) for both technologies. Additionally, the equivalent electrical circuit model for the VRLA battery was improved by including a 2nd order RC pair. The simulated model differs from the experimentally obtained result by less than 2%. This cell level battery model can be potentially scaled to battery pack level with flexible capacity, making the dynamic battery model a useful tool in SHS design.

Suggested Citation

  • Yunhe Yu & Nishant Narayan & Victor Vega-Garita & Jelena Popovic-Gerber & Zian Qin & Marnix Wagemaker & Pavol Bauer & Miro Zeman, 2018. "Constructing Accurate Equivalent Electrical Circuit Models of Lithium Iron Phosphate and Lead–Acid Battery Cells for Solar Home System Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:9:p:2305-:d:167230
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Björn Nykvist & Måns Nilsson, 2015. "Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(4), pages 329-332, April.
    2. Waag, Wladislaw & Käbitz, Stefan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2013. "Experimental investigation of the lithium-ion battery impedance characteristic at various conditions and aging states and its influence on the application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 885-897.
    3. Narayan, Nishant & Papakosta, Thekla & Vega-Garita, Victor & Qin, Zian & Popovic-Gerber, Jelena & Bauer, Pavol & Zeman, Miroslav, 2018. "Estimating battery lifetimes in Solar Home System design using a practical modelling methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1629-1639.
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    2. S. Tamilselvi & S. Gunasundari & N. Karuppiah & Abdul Razak RK & S. Madhusudan & Vikas Madhav Nagarajan & T. Sathish & Mohammed Zubair M. Shamim & C. Ahamed Saleel & Asif Afzal, 2021. "A Review on Battery Modelling Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-26, September.
    3. Liang Zhang & Shunli Wang & Daniel-Ioan Stroe & Chuanyun Zou & Carlos Fernandez & Chunmei Yu, 2020. "An Accurate Time Constant Parameter Determination Method for the Varying Condition Equivalent Circuit Model of Lithium Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-12, April.
    4. Andrea Boeri & Valentina Gianfrate & Saveria Olga Murielle Boulanger & Martina Massari, 2020. "Future Design Approaches for Energy Poverty: Users Profiling and Services for No-Vulnerable Condition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.

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