IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i5p1318-d148334.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Regulation of Voltage and Frequency in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Based Autonomous Microgrids Using the Whales Optimisation Algorithm

Author

Listed:
  • Sajid Hussain Qazi

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
    Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran UET SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mir’s 66020, Pakistan)

  • Mohd Wazir Mustafa

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

  • Umbrin Sultana

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, NED UET, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Nayyar Hussain Mirjat

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran UET, 76062 Jamshoro, Pakistan)

  • Shakir Ali Soomro

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
    Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran UET SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mir’s 66020, Pakistan)

  • Nadia Rasheed

    (Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University College of Engineering and Technology (UCE&T), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 61300, Pakistan)

Abstract

This study explores the Whales Optimization Algorithm (WOA)-based PI controller for regulating the voltage and frequency of an inverter-based autonomous microgrid (MG). The MG comprises two 50 kW DGs (solid oxide fuel cells, SOFCs) interfaced using a power electronics-based voltage source inverter (VSI) with a 120-kV conventional grid. Four PI controller schemes for the MG are implemented: (i) stationary PI controller with fixed gain values (Kp and Ki), (ii) PSO tuned PI controller, (iii) GWO tuned PI controller, and (iv) WOA tuned PI controller. The performance of these controllers is evaluated by monitoring the system voltage and frequency during the transition of MG operation mode and changes in the load. The MATLAB/SIMULINK tool is utilised to design the proposed model of grid-tied MG alongside the MATLAB m-file to apply an optimisation technique. The simulation results show that the WOA-based PI controller which optimises the control parameters, achieve 62.7% and 59% better results for voltage and frequency regulation, respectively. The eigenvalue analysis is also provided to check the stability of the proposed controller. Furthermore, the proposed system also satisfies the limits specified in IEEE-1547-2003 for voltage and frequency.

Suggested Citation

  • Sajid Hussain Qazi & Mohd Wazir Mustafa & Umbrin Sultana & Nayyar Hussain Mirjat & Shakir Ali Soomro & Nadia Rasheed, 2018. "Regulation of Voltage and Frequency in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Based Autonomous Microgrids Using the Whales Optimisation Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1318-:d:148334
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1318/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1318/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qazi, Sajid Hussain & Mustafa, Mohd Wazir, 2016. "Review on active filters and its performance with grid connected fixed and variable speed wind turbine generator," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 420-438.
    2. Eklas Hossain & Ron Perez & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Frede Blaabjerg & Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy, 2017. "Sliding Mode Controller and Lyapunov Redesign Controller to Improve Microgrid Stability: A Comparative Analysis with CPL Power Variation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-24, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kliti Kodra & Ningfan Zhong, 2020. "Singularly Perturbed Modeling and LQR Controller Design for a Fuel Cell System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Touqeer Ahmed Jumani & Mohd Wazir Mustafa & Madihah Md Rasid & Nayyar Hussain Mirjat & Zohaib Hussain Leghari & M. Salman Saeed, 2018. "Optimal Voltage and Frequency Control of an Islanded Microgrid Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
    3. Maen Z. Kreishan & Ahmed F. Zobaa, 2021. "Optimal Allocation and Operation of Droop-Controlled Islanded Microgrids: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-45, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Huda, A.S.N. & Živanović, R., 2017. "Large-scale integration of distributed generation into distribution networks: Study objectives, review of models and computational tools," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 974-988.
    2. Yaozhen Han & Ronglin Ma & Jinghan Cui, 2018. "Adaptive Higher-Order Sliding Mode Control for Islanding and Grid-Connected Operation of a Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Isaías V. de Bessa & Renan L. P. de Medeiros & Iury Bessa & Florindo A. C. Ayres Junior & Alessandra R. de Menezes & Gustavo M. Torres & João Edgar Chaves Filho, 2020. "Comparative Study of Control Strategies for Stabilization and Performance Improvement of DC Microgrids with a CPL Connected," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, May.
    4. Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Muhammad Aamir & Saad Mekhilef & Mutsuo Nakaoka & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Mudasir Ahmed Memon & Nauman Anwar Baig, 2018. "Mitigation of Power Quality Issues Due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Grid Systems Using Three-Phase APF/STATCOM Technologies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-41, June.
    5. Sheng Liu & Peng Su & Lanyong Zhang, 2018. "A Nonlinear Disturbance Observer Based Virtual Negative Inductor Stabilizing Strategy for DC Microgrid with Constant Power Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, November.
    6. Yongli Wang & Yujing Huang & Yudong Wang & Haiyang Yu & Ruiwen Li & Shanshan Song, 2018. "Energy Management for Smart Multi-Energy Complementary Micro-Grid in the Presence of Demand Response," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, April.
    7. Sergio Saponara & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2019. "Energy Storage Systems and Power Conversion Electronics for E-Transportation and Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-9, February.
    8. Tareen, Wajahat Ullah & Mekhilef, Saad & Seyedmahmoudian, Mehdi & Horan, Ben, 2017. "Active power filter (APF) for mitigation of power quality issues in grid integration of wind and photovoltaic energy conversion system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 635-655.
    9. Ciprian Vlad & Marian Barbu & Ramon Vilanova, 2016. "Intelligent Control of a Distributed Energy Generation System Based on Renewable Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    microgrid; SOFC; WOA; GWO; PSO; PI controller;
    All these keywords.

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1318-:d:148334. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.