IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v10y2022i9p221-d910772.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does Country Risk Influence Foreign Direct Investment Inflows? A Case of the Visegrád Four

Author

Listed:
  • Adewale Samuel Hassan

    (College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, Johannesburg P.O. Box 524, South Africa)

Abstract

The determinants of FDI inflows have been a subject of unremitting debate in the economic literature over the years. However, the role of country risk has received inadequate attention, especially in the context of the Visegrád countries, which comprise the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Hence, this study examined whether country risk matters for FDI inflows into the Visegrád Four for the period 1991–2020. This study accounted for cross-sectional dependency, structural breaks and heterogeneous slopes in the panel of the four countries by employing the dynamic common correlated effect estimator. Additionally, country-wise fully modified least-squares regression was conducted for each country to test the robustness of the estimates. The empirical results revealed that country risk matters for the FDI inflows into the Visegrád countries, as it has a negative effect on the FDI inflows. Furthermore, both the overall panel and country-wise regressions established that economic and political risks are essential determinants of the FDI inflows, as both have a negative relationship with the FDI inflows. However, financial risk had weak and mixed impacts on the FDI inflows in the overall panel and country-wise regressions, respectively. These research outcomes highlight the need for appropriate macroeconomic and government authorities in the Visegrád economies to enhance the market capabilities of their economies by improving and upholding the social, institutional, corporate and macroeconomic structures, and as a way of achieving better country risk attributes.

Suggested Citation

  • Adewale Samuel Hassan, 2022. "Does Country Risk Influence Foreign Direct Investment Inflows? A Case of the Visegrád Four," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:10:y:2022:i:9:p:221-:d:910772
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/10/9/221/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/10/9/221/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christopher F Baum & Mark E. Schaffer & Steven Stillman, 2003. "Instrumental variables and GMM: Estimation and testing," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 3(1), pages 1-31, March.
    2. Samina Sabir & Ahsan Khan, 2018. "Impact of Political Stability and Human Capital on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia & Pacific and South Asian Countries," Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 6(3), pages 245-256.
    3. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    4. Damiaan Persyn & Joakim Westerlund, 2008. "Error-correction–based cointegration tests for panel data," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 8(2), pages 232-241, June.
    5. John C. Anyanwu, 2012. "Why Does Foreign Direct Investment Go Where It Goes?: New Evidence From African Countries," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 13(2), pages 425-462, November.
    6. Brada, Josef C. & Kutan, Ali M. & Yigit, Taner M., 2004. "The effects of transition and political instability on foreign direct investment inflows: Central Europe and the Balkans," ZEI Working Papers B 33-2004, University of Bonn, ZEI - Center for European Integration Studies.
    7. Hubert Janicki & Phanindra Wunnava, 2004. "Determinants of foreign direct investment: empirical evidence from EU accession candidates," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(5), pages 505-509.
    8. Khan, Mashrur Mustaque & Akbar, Mashfique Ibne, 2013. "The Impact of Political Risk on Foreign Direct Investment," MPRA Paper 47283, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Akinlo, A. Enisan, 2004. "Foreign direct investment and growth in Nigeria: An empirical investigation," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 627-639, July.
    10. Busse, Matthias & Hefeker, Carsten, 2007. "Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 397-415, June.
    11. Christopher F Baum & Mark E. Schaffer & Steven Stillman, 2007. "Enhanced routines for instrumental variables/generalized method of moments estimation and testing," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 7(4), pages 465-506, December.
    12. Chudik, Alexander & Pesaran, M. Hashem, 2015. "Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 188(2), pages 393-420.
    13. Qureshi, Irfan & Liaqat, Zara, 2020. "The long-term consequences of external debt: Revisiting the evidence and inspecting the mechanism using panel VARs," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    14. Mesut Turkay, 2017. "Heterogeneity across emerging market central bank reaction functions," Central Bank Review, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, vol. 17(3), pages 111–116-1.
    15. Samina Sabir & Ahsan Khan, 2018. "Impact of Political Stability and Human Capital on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia & Pacific and South Asian Countries," Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 6(3), pages 245-256, September.
    16. Takeshi Koyama & Stephen S. Golub, 2006. "OECD's FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index: Revision and Extension to more Economies," OECD Working Papers on International Investment 2006/4, OECD Publishing.
    17. Muhammad Arshad Khan, 2007. "Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth : The Role of Domestic Financial Sector," Finance Working Papers 22205, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    18. Panagiotis Liargovas & Konstantinos Skandalis, 2012. "Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness: The Case of Developing Economies," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(2), pages 323-331, April.
    19. Midoun Sissani & Zairi Belkacem, 2014. "The Effect of Political Risk on Foreign Direct Investment:The Case of Algeria," Hyperion Economic Journal, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Hyperion University of Bucharest, Romania, vol. 2(3), pages 29-35, September.
    20. Josef C. Brada & Ali M. Kutan & Taner M. Yigit, 2006. "The effects of transition and political instability on foreign direct investment inflows," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 14(4), pages 649-680, October.
    21. Chidlow, Agnieszka & Salciuviene, Laura & Young, Stephen, 2009. "Regional determinants of inward FDI distribution in Poland," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 119-133, April.
    22. Lucas, Robert E. B., 1993. "On the determinants of direct foreign investment: Evidence from East and Southeast Asia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 391-406, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yixing Yang & Md. Qamruzzaman & Mohd Ziaur Rehman & Salma Karim, 2021. "Do Tourism and Institutional Quality Asymmetrically Effects on FDI Sustainability in BIMSTEC Countries: An Application of ARDL, CS-ARDL, NARDL, and Asymmetric Causality Test," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-29, September.
    2. Sushil K. Rai & Akhilesh K. Sharma, 2020. "Causal Nexus Between FDI Inflows and Its Determinants in SAARC Countries," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 21(2), pages 193-215, September.
    3. Samina Sabir & Anum Rafique & Kamran Abbas, 2019. "Institutions and FDI: evidence from developed and developing countries," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Chakraborty, Saptorshee Kanto & Mazzanti, Massimiliano, 2021. "Renewable electricity and economic growth relationship in the long run: Panel data econometric evidence from the OECD," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 330-341.
    5. Mirkina, Irina, 2018. "FDI and sanctions: An empirical analysis of short- and long-run effects," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 198-225.
    6. Dorożyński Tomasz & Kuna-Marszałek Anetta, 2016. "Investments Attractiveness. The Case Of The Visegrad Group Countries," Comparative Economic Research, Sciendo, vol. 19(1), pages 119-140, March.
    7. Anushka Verma & Arun K. Giri & Byomakesh Debata, 2023. "Does ICT diffusion reduce poverty? Evidence from SAARC countries," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 8-28, March.
    8. Jian Xue & Zeeshan Rasool & Raima Nazar & Ahmad Imran Khan & Shaukat Hussain Bhatti & Sajid Ali, 2021. "Revisiting Natural Resources—Globalization-Environmental Quality Nexus: Fresh Insights from South Asian Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, April.
    9. Dorothée Charlier & Florian Fizaine, 2020. "Does Becoming Richer Lead to a Reduction in Natural Resource Consumption? An Empirical Refutation of the Kuznets Material Curve," Working Papers 2020.05, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
    10. Le, Thai-Ha & Chang, Youngho & Park, Donghyun, 2016. "Trade openness and environmental quality: International evidence," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 45-55.
    11. Skare, Marinko & Ozturk, Ilhan & Porada-Rochoń, Małgorzata & Stjepanovic, Sasa, 2024. "Energy as the new frontier: Dynamic panel data analysis revealing energy's transformative role in economic growth and technological progress," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    12. Esposito, Piero & Messori, Marcello, 2019. "Competitive or recession gains? On the recent macroeconomic rebalances in the EMU," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 147-167.
    13. Kimiagari, Salman & Mahbobi, Mohammad & Toolsee, Tushika, 2023. "Attracting and retaining FDI: Africa gas and oil sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    14. Bougharriou, Nouha & Benayed, Walid & Gabsi, Foued Badr, 2019. "The democracy and economic growth nexus: Do FDI and government spending matter? Evidence from the Arab world," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 13, pages 1-29.
    15. Muhammad Dawood & Zhao Rui Feng & Muhammad Ilyas & Ghulam Abbas, 2024. "External Debt, Transmission Channels, and Economic Growth: Evidence of Debt Overhang and Crowding-Out Effect," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, July.
    16. Gianni Carvelli, 2023. "The long-run effects of government expenditure on private investments: a panel CS-ARDL approach," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 47(3), pages 620-645, September.
    17. Sarker, Bibhuti & Serieux, John, 2023. "Multilevel determinants of FDI: A regional comparative analysis," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(3).
    18. Munir Ahmad & Heng Li & Muhammad Khalid Anser & Abdul Rehman & Zeeshan Fareed & Qingyou Yan & Gul Jabeen, 2021. "Are the intensity of energy use, land agglomeration, CO2 emissions, and economic progress dynamically interlinked across development levels?," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(4), pages 690-721, June.
    19. Taner Turan & Halit Yanıkkaya, 2021. "External debt, growth and investment for developing countries: some evidence for the debt overhang hypothesis," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 20(3), pages 319-341, September.
    20. Godfred William Cantah & Gabriel William Brafu-Insaidoo & Emmanuel Agyapong Wiafe & Abass Adams, 2018. "FDI and Trade Policy Openness in Sub-Saharan Africa," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 44(1), pages 97-116, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:10:y:2022:i:9:p:221-:d:910772. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.