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Financial Inclusion Indicators Affect Profitability of Jordanian Commercial Banks: Panel Data Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Ghaith N. Al-Eitan

    (Department of Finance and Banking, School of Business, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan)

  • Bassam Al-Own

    (Department of Finance and Banking, School of Business, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan)

  • Tareq Bani-Khalid

    (Department of Accounting, School of Business, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan)

Abstract

Previous literature supports the view that the financial inclusion leads to economic growth and helps alleviate poverty; however, it is still unclear whether financial inclusion increases bank profitability. The study assumes that financial inclusion is significant in enhancing the economy and minimizing loan accounts, and along with this assumption, the deposit size decreases the Jordanian banks’ profitability despite the fact that the financial services and access to them have no significant influence upon such profitability. The major profitability drivers examined in this study comprised financial inclusion and financial leverage. In this study, 13 Jordanian banks’ data from 2009 to 2019 were examined to determine the above issue. The study applied fixed effects on a panel data regression model. The findings indicated that the number of loan accounts and size of deposits negatively and significantly impacted the profitability of the commercial banks in Jordan. However, the number of branches and ATMs had no significant effect on the bank’s profitability. In sum, both leverage and bank size were the top two determinants of commercial banks’ profitability in Jordan. Based on the findings, Jordanian policymakers can shift their focus to offering affordable financial services that support SMEs’ loans and start-ups.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghaith N. Al-Eitan & Bassam Al-Own & Tareq Bani-Khalid, 2022. "Financial Inclusion Indicators Affect Profitability of Jordanian Commercial Banks: Panel Data Analysis," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:10:y:2022:i:2:p:38-:d:739868
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Varouj A. Aivazian & Ying Ge & Jiaping Qiu, 2005. "Debt Maturity Structure and Firm Investment," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 34(4), Winter.
    2. Miriam Bruhn & Inessa Love, 2014. "The Real Impact of Improved Access to Finance: Evidence from Mexico," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(3), pages 1347-1376, June.
    3. Badar Alam Iqbal & Shaista Sami, 2017. "Role of banks in financial inclusion in India," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 62(2), pages 32-33, Abril-Jun.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Ali Abdulhassan, 2023. "Analysis of credit risk, liquidity and profitability of the Trade Bank of Iraq for the period (2012-2021)," Technium Business and Management, Technium Science, vol. 3(1), pages 79-103.
    3. Changjun Zheng & Md Ataur Rahman & Shahadat Hossain & Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq, 2023. "Does Fintech-Driven Inclusive Finance Induce Bank Profitability? Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-28, October.
    4. Shilpa Agarwal & Priyanka Malik & Shalini Gautam, 2024. "Analysis of financial performance with regard to digital payment: a case of HDFC bank," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 15(6), pages 2085-2096, June.
    5. Saleh F. A. Khatib & Ernie Hendrawaty & Ayman Hassan Bazhair & Ibraheem A. Abu Rahma & Hamzeh Al Amosh, 2022. "Financial Inclusion and the Performance of Banking Sector in Palestine," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.

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